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Genes involved in the inflammation pathway have been associated with cancer risk. Genetic variants in the interleukin-6 (IL6) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide
synthase-2 (PTGS2, encoding for the COX-2 enzyme) genes, in particular, have been related to several cancer types, including breast and prostate cancers. We
conducted a study within the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium(BPC3) to examine the association between IL6 and PTGS2 polymorphisms and breast and prostate cancer risk. Twenty-seven polymorphisms, selected by pairwise tagging, were genotyped on 6,292 breast cancer cases and 8,135 matched controls and 8,008 prostate cancer cases and 8,604 matched controls. The
large sample sizes and comprehensive SNP tagging in this
study gave us excellent power to detect modest effects
for common variants. After adjustment for multiple
testing, none of the associations examined remained
statistically significant at P = 0.01. In analyses not
adjusted for multiple testing, one IL6 polymorphism
(rs6949149) was marginally associated with breast cancer
risk (TT vs. GG, OR: 1.32; 99% CI: 1.00-1.74,
P(trend)=0.003) and two were marginally associated with
prostate cancer risk (rs6969502-AA versus rs6969502-GG,
OR: 0.87, 99% CI: 0.75-1.02; P(trend) = 0.002 and
rs7805828-AA vs. rs7805828-GG, OR: 1.11, 99% CI: 0.99-
1.26; P(trend) = 0.007). An increase in breast cancer
risk was observed for the PTGS2 polymorphism rs7550380
(TT vs. GG, OR: 1.38, 99% CI: 1.04-1.83). No association
was observed between PTGS2 polymorphisms and prostate
cancer risk. In conclusion, common genetic variation in
these two genes might play at best a limited role in
breast and prostate cancers.