@article{89b35932f34d4509a58d6f47a2e76812,
title = "Uremic toxins-novel arrhythmogenic factor in chronic kidney disease-related atrial fibrillation",
abstract = "Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high prevalence of AF, and uremic toxins are an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases associated with CKD. Uremic toxins can produce pro-fibrotic, pro-hypertrophic, and pro-inflammatory effects on cardiac tissues and enhance oxidative stress or neurohormonal phenomena of cardiovascular injury, which are recognized as arrhythmogenic factors of AF. This article reviews the clinical, molecular, and electrophysiological data of uremic toxins in CKD considered to induce AF through multiple mechanisms on structural and electrical remodeling of the cardiovascular system.",
keywords = "Atrial fibrillation, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Uremic toxins",
author = "Huang, {Shih Yu} and Chen, {Yi Ann} and Chen, {Shih Ann} and Chen, {Yi Jen} and Lin, {Yung Kuo}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, (MOST103-2314-B-038-041-MY2, MOST103-2314-B-281-005-MY2, MOST103- 2314-B-281-006, MOST103-2314-B-038-055), the Cathay General Hospital, Taiwan, (CGH-MR-10221, CGH-MR-10123), and the Taiwan Heart Rhythm Society (THRS-1501). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016, Republic of China Society of Cardiology. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2016",
month = may,
doi = "10.6515/ACS20151116A",
language = "English",
volume = "32",
pages = "259--264",
journal = "Acta Cardiologica Sinica",
issn = "1011-6842",
publisher = "Republic of China Society of Cardiology",
number = "3",
}
