The prognostic significance of diabetes in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A meta-analysis

Aims: Studies on the prognosis of patients with diabetes and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are limited, and existing findings remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis explored the association between diabetes and survival outcomes in this population. Methods: A total of 10 non-randomized studies comparing overall survival between patients with NSCLC receiving ICIs with and without diabetes were included. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the hazard of death or disease progression between the two groups. Another analysis was employed to explore the difference in median survival between the groups. Additionally, subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: Patients with diabetes exhibited a significantly higher risk of death than those without diabetes (HR = 1.28, 95 % CI = 1.14–1.44; P < 0.01). Moreover, individuals with diabetes had a median life expectancy that was 6.04 months shorter (95 % CI = −10.53 to − 1.54 months, P = 0.009) than that of individuals without diabetes. Moreover, for every 1 % increase in the proportion of patients with diabetes using metformin, a corresponding 2.2 % decrease in the HR of progression-free survival was observed (95 % CI = 1.2–3.1 %). Conclusion: Diabetes compromises the effectiveness of ICI treatment in patients with NSCLC.