Prognostic factors associated with implant loss, disease progression or favorable outcomes after peri-implantitis surgical therapy

Background: The treatment of the peri-implantitis remains complex and challenging with no consensus on which is the best treatment approach. Purpose: To examine the key local and systemic factors associated with implant loss, disease progression, or favorable outcomes after surgical peri-implantitis therapy. Materials and Methods: Records of patients treated for peri-implantitis were screened. Patient-, implant- and surgery-related variables on and prior to the day of the surgery were collected (T0: time of peri-implantitis treatment). If the treated implant was still in function when the data was collected, the patient invited to participate for a recall study visit (T1, longest follow-up after treatment). Impacts of the variables on the implant survival, success, and peri-implant bone change after treatment were investigated. Results: Eighty patients with 121 implants with a mean follow-up of 42.6 ± 26.3 months were included. A total of 22 implants (18.2%) were removed during the follow-up period. When relative bone loss (%) was in range 25%–50%, risk for implant removal increased 15 times compared to lower bone loss <25% (OR = 15.2; CI: 2.06–112.7; p = 0.008). Similarly, relative bone loss of >50% increased 20 times the risk of implant failure compared to the <25% (OR = 20.2; CI: 2.42–169.6; p = 0.006). For post-treatment success rate, history of periodontitis significantly increased the risk of unsuccess treatment (OR = 3.07; p = 0.04) after resective surgery). Conclusion: Severe bone loss (>50%) poses significantly higher risk of treatment failure.