TY - JOUR
T1 - Prognostic and immune infiltration signatures of proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase (PSMD) family genes in breast cancer patients
AU - Xuan, Do Thi Minh
AU - Wu, Chung Che
AU - Kao, Tzu Jen
AU - Ta, Hoang Dang Khoa
AU - Anuraga, Gangga
AU - Andriani, Vivin
AU - Athoillah, Muhammad
AU - Chiao, Chung Chieh
AU - Wu, Yung Fu
AU - Lee, Kuen Haur
AU - Wang, Chih Yang
AU - Chuang, Jian Ying
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a grant from Taipei Medical University Hospital (108TMU-TMUH-07 to C.C.W. and J.Y.C.) and by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (MOST 110-2636-B-038-004 to J.Y.C., MOST109-2320-B-038-009-MY2 to C.Y.W., and MOST 110-2320-B-038-017-MY3 to T.J.K.), and from the Ministry of Health and Welfare Surcharge of Education Tobacco Products of Taiwan (Wan-Fang Hospital, Chi-Mei Medical Center, and Hualien Tzu-Chi Hospital Joint Cancer Center Grant?Focus on Colon Cancer Research; DP2-109-21121-03-C-03-03 and MOHW110-TDU-B-212-144020 awarded to K.H.L.), as well as the ?TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine? from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by a grant from Taipei Medical University Hospital (108TMU-TMUH-07 to C.C.W. and J.Y.C.) and by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan (MOST 110-2636-B-038-004 to J.Y.C., MOST109-2320-B-038-009-MY2 to C.Y.W., and MOST 110-2320-B-038-017-MY3 to T.J.K.), and from the Ministry of Health and Welfare Surcharge of Education Tobacco Products of Taiwan (Wan-Fang Hospital, Chi-Mei Medical Center, and Hualien Tzu-Chi Hospital Joint Cancer Center
Funding Information:
Grant—Focus on Colon Cancer Research; DP2-109-21121-03-C-03-03 and MOHW110-TDU-B-212-144020 awarded to K.H.L.), as well as the “TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine” from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. Xuan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - The complexity of breast cancer includes many interacting biological processes that make it difficult to find appropriate therapeutic treatments. Therefore, identifying potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is urgently needed. Previous studies demonstrated that 26S proteasome delta subunit, non-ATPase (PSMD) family members significantly contribute to the degradation of damaged, misfolded, abnormal, and foreign proteins. However, transcriptional expressions of PSMD family genes in breast cancer still remain largely unexplored. Consequently, we used a holistic bioinformatics approach to explore PSMD genes involved in breast cancer patients by integrating several high-throughput databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), cBioPortal, Oncomine, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. These data demonstrated that PSMD1, PSMD2, PSMD3, PSMD7, PSMD10, PSMD12, and PSMD14 were expressed at significantly higher levels in breast cancer tissue compared to normal tissues. Notably, the increased expressions of PSMD family genes were correlated with poor prognoses of breast cancer patients, which suggests their roles in tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, network and pathway analyses also indicated that PSMD family genes were positively correlated with ubiquinone metabolism, immune system, and cell-cycle regulatory pathways. Collectively, this study revealed that PSMD family members are potential prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer progression and possible promising clinical therapeutic targets.
AB - The complexity of breast cancer includes many interacting biological processes that make it difficult to find appropriate therapeutic treatments. Therefore, identifying potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is urgently needed. Previous studies demonstrated that 26S proteasome delta subunit, non-ATPase (PSMD) family members significantly contribute to the degradation of damaged, misfolded, abnormal, and foreign proteins. However, transcriptional expressions of PSMD family genes in breast cancer still remain largely unexplored. Consequently, we used a holistic bioinformatics approach to explore PSMD genes involved in breast cancer patients by integrating several high-throughput databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), cBioPortal, Oncomine, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. These data demonstrated that PSMD1, PSMD2, PSMD3, PSMD7, PSMD10, PSMD12, and PSMD14 were expressed at significantly higher levels in breast cancer tissue compared to normal tissues. Notably, the increased expressions of PSMD family genes were correlated with poor prognoses of breast cancer patients, which suggests their roles in tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, network and pathway analyses also indicated that PSMD family genes were positively correlated with ubiquinone metabolism, immune system, and cell-cycle regulatory pathways. Collectively, this study revealed that PSMD family members are potential prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer progression and possible promising clinical therapeutic targets.
KW - Bioinformatics
KW - Breast cancer
KW - PSMD family genes
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U2 - 10.18632/aging.203722
DO - 10.18632/aging.203722
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85121563629
SN - 1945-4589
VL - 13
SP - 24882
EP - 24903
JO - Aging
JF - Aging
IS - 22
ER -
