Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy with oral tegafur-uracil and leucovorin for rectal cancer

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of pre-operative radiotherapy (RT) combined with oral tegafur-uracil (UFUR) plus leucovorin (LV) in rectal cancer. Patients: Sixty-five patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (clinical staged T2-4N0-2M0) received pelvic RT of 45 Gy in 20 fractions over 28 days. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of UFUR (200 mg/m2/day) and LV (45 mg/day) on day 1-28. UFUR (250 mg/m2/day) and LV were continued on day 36-63. Surgery was performed on day 70. Results: Sixty-three patients completed the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and 56 received curative or palliative surgery. Among the 52 patients receiving curative resection, downstaging (DS) occurred in 39 (75%), pathological complete response in 13 (25%), and sphincter preservation was achieved in 16 of 29 (55%) with lower-seated tumors. With a median follow-up time of 33 months, local failure developed in 4 (8%) and distant metastases occurred in 7 (14%). The 3-year overall survival was 92% and disease-free survival 76%. For all 65 patients, grade 3-4 diarrhea developed in 6 (9%) and grade 3-4 leucopenia observed in 2 (3%). Conclusions: Oral UFUR + LV administered with pre-operative RT are effective in tumor DS, pathological complete response, and sphincter preservation with tolerable toxicity in rectal cancer.