TY - JOUR
T1 - (−)-Phenserine inhibits neuronal apoptosis following ischemia/reperfusion injury
AU - Chang, Cheng Fu
AU - Lai, Jing Huei
AU - Wu, John Chung Che
AU - Greig, Nigel H.
AU - Becker, Robert E.
AU - Luo, Yu
AU - Chen, Yen Hua
AU - Kang, Shuo Jhen
AU - Chiang, Yung Hsiao
AU - Chen, Kai Yun
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017
PY - 2017/12/15
Y1 - 2017/12/15
N2 - Stroke commonly leads to adult disability and death worldwide. Its major symptoms are spastic hemiplegia and discordant motion, consequent to neuronal cell death induced by brain vessel occlusion. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is upregulated and allied with inflammation and apoptosis after stroke. Recent studies suggest that AChE inhibition ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury and has neuroprotective properties. (−)-Phenserine, a reversible AChE inhibitor, has a broad range of actions independent of its AChE properties, including neuroprotective ones. However, its protective effects and detailed mechanism of action in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) remain to be elucidated. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of (−)-phenserine for stroke in the rat focal cerebral ischemia model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP) damage model in SH-SY5Y neuronal cultures. (−)-Phenserine mitigated OGD/PR-induced SH-SY5Y cell death, providing an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship between concentration and survival. In MCAO challenged rats, (−)-phenserine reduced infarction volume, cell death and improved body asymmetry, a behavioral measure of stoke impact. In both cellular and animal studies, (−)-phenserine elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels, and decreased activated-caspase 3, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, potentially mediated through the ERK-1/2 signaling pathway. These actions mitigated neuronal apoptosis in the stroke penumbra, and decreased matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) expression. In synopsis, (−)-phenserine significantly reduced neuronal damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model of MCAO and cellular model of OGD/RP, demonstrating that its anti-apoptotic/neuroprotective/neurotrophic cholinergic and non-cholinergic properties warrant further evaluation in conditions of brain injury.
AB - Stroke commonly leads to adult disability and death worldwide. Its major symptoms are spastic hemiplegia and discordant motion, consequent to neuronal cell death induced by brain vessel occlusion. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is upregulated and allied with inflammation and apoptosis after stroke. Recent studies suggest that AChE inhibition ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury and has neuroprotective properties. (−)-Phenserine, a reversible AChE inhibitor, has a broad range of actions independent of its AChE properties, including neuroprotective ones. However, its protective effects and detailed mechanism of action in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) remain to be elucidated. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of (−)-phenserine for stroke in the rat focal cerebral ischemia model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP) damage model in SH-SY5Y neuronal cultures. (−)-Phenserine mitigated OGD/PR-induced SH-SY5Y cell death, providing an inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship between concentration and survival. In MCAO challenged rats, (−)-phenserine reduced infarction volume, cell death and improved body asymmetry, a behavioral measure of stoke impact. In both cellular and animal studies, (−)-phenserine elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels, and decreased activated-caspase 3, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, potentially mediated through the ERK-1/2 signaling pathway. These actions mitigated neuronal apoptosis in the stroke penumbra, and decreased matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) expression. In synopsis, (−)-phenserine significantly reduced neuronal damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model of MCAO and cellular model of OGD/RP, demonstrating that its anti-apoptotic/neuroprotective/neurotrophic cholinergic and non-cholinergic properties warrant further evaluation in conditions of brain injury.
KW - (−)-Phenserine
KW - Activated-caspase 3
KW - Amyloid precursor protein (APP)
KW - B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression
KW - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
KW - ERK-1/2 signaling pathway
KW - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
KW - Ischemia/reperfusion injury
KW - Metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9)
KW - Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)
KW - Stroke
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85030486032&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.015
DO - 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.015
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85030486032
SN - 0006-8993
VL - 1677
SP - 118
EP - 128
JO - Brain Research
JF - Brain Research
ER -