TY - JOUR
T1 - Oxidation of biomass-derived furans to maleic acid over nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts under acid-free conditions
AU - Van Nguyen, Chi
AU - Boo, Jing Rou
AU - Liu, Chia Hung
AU - Ahamad, Tansir
AU - Alshehri, Saad M.
AU - Matsagar, Babasaheb M.
AU - Wu, Kevin C.W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan (104-2628-E-002-008-MY3; 105-2221-E-002-227-MY3; 105-2218-E-155-007; 105-2221-E-002-003-MY3; 105-2622-E155-003-CC2) and the National Taiwan University (105R7706) for the funding support. The authors also thank the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2019/6), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Publisher Copyright:
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2020/3/7
Y1 - 2020/3/7
N2 - Maleic acid (MA) is a platform chemical used for synthesizing high-value polymers. Although MA can be produced from biomass-derived furfural, so far, only acidic catalysts have been proposed. Herein, for the first time, we report an acid-free furfural-to-MA conversion using nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) as an effective catalyst with the assistance of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. A high MA yield (61%) can be achieved over the NC-900 catalyst at 80 °C. The effects of reaction conditions, including H2O2 concentration, solvent type, reaction temperature, and time were systematically studied in detail and optimized. The ZIF-8-derived NC catalyst exhibited high activity owing to the existence of high graphitic nitrogen (N-Q) content in the carbon framework. The kinetics study indicates that the oxidation of furfural to MA over the NC-900 catalyst is via the formation of 5-hydroxy-furan-2(5H)-one as the main intermediate. Further, NC-900 can convert a variety of biomass-derived furan compounds to MA under acid-free conditions, indicating the versatility and applicability of the present acid-free, NC-based catalytic system.
AB - Maleic acid (MA) is a platform chemical used for synthesizing high-value polymers. Although MA can be produced from biomass-derived furfural, so far, only acidic catalysts have been proposed. Herein, for the first time, we report an acid-free furfural-to-MA conversion using nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) as an effective catalyst with the assistance of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. A high MA yield (61%) can be achieved over the NC-900 catalyst at 80 °C. The effects of reaction conditions, including H2O2 concentration, solvent type, reaction temperature, and time were systematically studied in detail and optimized. The ZIF-8-derived NC catalyst exhibited high activity owing to the existence of high graphitic nitrogen (N-Q) content in the carbon framework. The kinetics study indicates that the oxidation of furfural to MA over the NC-900 catalyst is via the formation of 5-hydroxy-furan-2(5H)-one as the main intermediate. Further, NC-900 can convert a variety of biomass-derived furan compounds to MA under acid-free conditions, indicating the versatility and applicability of the present acid-free, NC-based catalytic system.
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U2 - 10.1039/c9cy02364j
DO - 10.1039/c9cy02364j
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85081741750
SN - 2044-4753
VL - 10
SP - 1498
EP - 1506
JO - Catalysis Science and Technology
JF - Catalysis Science and Technology
IS - 5
ER -