Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy Presenting With Seizure at Birth: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Neonatal seizures are critical conditions because they are usually related to significant illnesses that require a specific therapy. Antepartum and peripartum seizures are very rare, and represent signs of prenatal-onset neurologic dysfunction. A review of the literature revealed that the main etiologies include severe brain malformations, multiple anomalies, and metabolic encephalopathy. A high incidence of early fatality and serious neurologic sequelae were noted. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy presenting with seizure at birth. These very-early-onset seizures may require unique diagnostic and therapeutic considerations, in contrast with the later onset of seizures in neonates.