Melatonin Ameliorates Neuropsychiatric Behaviors, Gut Microbiome, and Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Rats with Chronic Sleep Deprivation

With the increasing prevalence of sleep deprivation (SD)-related disorders, the effective treatment of sleep disorders has become a critical health research topic. Thus, we hypothesized and investigated the effectiveness of a 3-week melatonin intervention on neuropsychiatric behavioral responses mediated throughout melatonin receptors, gut microbiota, and lipid metabolites in rats with chronic SD. Eighteen 6-week-old Wistar rats were used and divided into the control grup (C, n = 6), SD group (n = 6), and melatonin-supplemented group (SDM, n = 6). During weeks 0 to 6, animals were provided with the AIN-93M diet and free access to water. Four-week chronic SD was conducted from weeks 7 to 10. Exogenous melatonin administration (10 mg/kg BW) was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before the daily administration of SD for 3 weeks in the SDM group. SD rats exhibited anxiety-like behavior, depression-like behavior, and cognitive impairment. Exogenous melatonin administration ameliorated neuropsychiatric behaviors induced by chronic SD. Analysis of fecal metabolites indicated that melatonin may influence brain messaging through the microbiota–gut–brain axis by increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and decreasing the production of secondary bile acids (SBA). Four-week SD reduced the cerebral cortex expression of MT1, but not in the colon. Chronic SD led to anxiety and depression-like behaviors and cognitive decline, as well as the reduced intestinal level of SCFAs and the enhanced intestinal level of SBAs in rats. In this work, we confirmed our hypothesis that a 3-week melatonin intervention on neuropsychiatric behavioral response mediated throughout melatonin receptors, gut microbiota, and lipid metabolites in rats with chronic SD.