Live birth in male de novo Kallmann syndrome after cross-generational genetic sequencing

Purpose: To present the first case proposing the use of preimplantation genetic testing for monogeneic disorders for Kallmann syndrome, providing comprehensive care in the genomic era of precision medicine. Methods: Gonadotropin therapy was used for spermatogenesis, followed by in vitro fertilization by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer. Cross-generational targeted next-generation sequencing was then done for genes known to cause Kallmann syndrome. Results: A heterozygous mutation at codon 102 of the FGFR1 gene was found in the patient, but the father was found to have the same mutation yet is unaffected by Kallmann syndrome. Since no causative mutation was found, a de novo or sporadic mutation was suspected as the cause of Kallmann syndrome in this case. Conclusions: Comprehensive care must be available for male Kallmann syndrome patients, as treatment should not stop at spermatogenesis, but continue with genetic counseling due to possible inheritance.