TY - JOUR
T1 - KI Essence extract (a spleen-tonifying formula) promotes neurite outgrowth, alleviates oxidative stress and hypomyelination, and modulates microbiome in maternal immune activation offspring
AU - Lee, Gilbert Aaron
AU - Zhao, Hong Wei
AU - Chang, Yu Wei
AU - Lee, Chia Jung
AU - Yang, Yu Chen S.H.
AU - Wu, Ying Chieh
AU - Lin, Wan Li
AU - Liu, Yun Ru
AU - Ning, De Shan
AU - Tseng, Sung Hui
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by Taipei Medical University (grant no. TMU A00000952) and Taipei Medical University Hospital (grant nos. 110TMU-TMUH-09, 109TMUH-SP-03, 111TMU-TMUH-05-2, 111TMU-TMUH-05-1, 111TMUH-MOST-12), MOST 111-2314-B-038-097-MY3 and TMU110-AE2-I03-1.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Lee, Zhao, Chang, Lee, Yang, Wu, Lin, Liu, Ning and Tseng.
PY - 2022/8/25
Y1 - 2022/8/25
N2 - Mushrooms and Chinese traditional herbs have bioactive nutraceuticals with multiple therapeutic functions, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities and microbiome modulation properties. Mushroom-derived bioactive compounds are used in medicines for the treatment of neurological disorders with abnormal brain–gut–microbiome axis. This study examined the effects of KI Essence extract, a spleen-tonifying formula, on neurite growth, antioxidant activity, hypomyelination modulation, and the microbiome profile in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) offspring. The KI Essence extract induced PC12 cell neurite growth by increasing extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, promoting 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, reducing the level of tert-butylhydroperoxide–induced lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates, protecting PC12 cells from H2O2-induced cell death (through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation), alleviating hypomyelination, and downregulating interleukin‐1β through LPS-activated microglia production; moreover, the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae, Actinobacteria, Peptostreptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Bifidobacterium bacteria in MIA offspring increased. In summary, the KI Essence extract promotes neurite outgrowth, alleviates oxidative stress and hypomyelination, and modulates microbiota dysbiosis in MIA offspring.
AB - Mushrooms and Chinese traditional herbs have bioactive nutraceuticals with multiple therapeutic functions, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities and microbiome modulation properties. Mushroom-derived bioactive compounds are used in medicines for the treatment of neurological disorders with abnormal brain–gut–microbiome axis. This study examined the effects of KI Essence extract, a spleen-tonifying formula, on neurite growth, antioxidant activity, hypomyelination modulation, and the microbiome profile in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) offspring. The KI Essence extract induced PC12 cell neurite growth by increasing extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, promoting 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, reducing the level of tert-butylhydroperoxide–induced lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates, protecting PC12 cells from H2O2-induced cell death (through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation), alleviating hypomyelination, and downregulating interleukin‐1β through LPS-activated microglia production; moreover, the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae, Actinobacteria, Peptostreptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Bifidobacterium bacteria in MIA offspring increased. In summary, the KI Essence extract promotes neurite outgrowth, alleviates oxidative stress and hypomyelination, and modulates microbiota dysbiosis in MIA offspring.
KW - maternal immune activation
KW - microbiota
KW - mushroom
KW - myelination
KW - oxidative stress
KW - spleen-tonifying formula
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138000688&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85138000688&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fphar.2022.964255
DO - 10.3389/fphar.2022.964255
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85138000688
SN - 1663-9812
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Pharmacology
JF - Frontiers in Pharmacology
M1 - 964255
ER -