@article{c81d32cc95d5414bad9ab3175e897811,
title = "Hypermethylation of CCND2 in Lung and Breast Cancer Is a Potential Biomarker and Drug Target",
abstract = "Lung and breast cancer are the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide. The discovery of molecular alterations that underlie these two cancers and corresponding drugs has contributed to precision medicine. We found that CCND2 is a common target in lung and breast cancer. Hypermethylation of the CCND2 gene was reported previously; however, no comprehensive study has investigated the clinical significance of CCND2 alterations and its applications and drug discovery. Genome-wide methylation and quantitative methylation-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed CCND2 promoter hypermethylation in Taiwanese breast cancer patients. As compared with paired normal tissues and healthy individuals, CCND2 promoter hypermethylation was detected in 40.9% of breast tumors and 44.4% of plasma circulating cell-free DNA of patients. The western cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas also demonstrated CCND2 promoter hypermethylation in female lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and breast cancer patients and that CCND2 promoter hypermethylation is an independent poor prognostic factor. The cell model assay indicated that CCND2 expression inhibited cancer cell growth and migration ability. The demethylating agent antroquinonol D upregulated CCND2 expression, caused cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cancer cell growth and migration ability. In conclusion, hypermethylation of CCND2 is a potential diagnostic, prognostic marker and drug target, and it is induced by antroquinonol D.",
keywords = "Antrodia camphorata, antroquinonol D, CCND2, circulating cell-free DNA, hypermethylation, lung adenocarcinoma, prognostic factor, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), tumor suppressor gene, Antrodia camphorata, antroquinonol D, CCND2, circulating cell-free DNA, hypermethylation, lung adenocarcinoma, prognostic factor, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), tumor suppressor gene",
author = "Hung, {Chin Sheng} and Wang, {Sheng Chao} and Yen, {Yi Ting} and Lee, {Tzong Huei} and Wen, {Wu Che} and Lin, {Ruo Kai}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported in part by grant NSC 101-2320-B-038-026-MY3, MOST 104-2320-B038-051-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology (Republic of China), and 106IIT07 from Taipei Medical University Hospital. Acknowledgments: We thank the Core Facility Center of Taipei Medical University for providing the LightCycler 480 system (Roche Applied Science), FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences), ModFIT LT Version 2.0 software (Verity Software House), and Olympus IX71 Inverted Microscope System. This work was supported in part by NSC 101-2320-B-038-026-MY3 and MOST 104-2320-B-038-051-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology (Republic of China) and by 106IIT07 from Taipei Medical University Hospital. Funding Information: Acknowledgments: We thank the Core Facility Center of Taipei Medical University for providing the LightCycler 480 system (Roche Applied Science), FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences), ModFIT LT Version 2.0 software (Verity Software House), and Olympus IX71 Inverted Microscope System. This work was supported in part by NSC 101-2320-B-038-026-MY3 and MOST 104-2320-B-038-051-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology (Republic of China) and by 106IIT07 from Taipei Medical University Hospital. Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported in part by grant NSC 101-2320-B-038-026-MY3, MOST 104-2320-B-038-051-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology (Republic of China), and 106IIT07 from Taipei Medical University Hospital. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2018",
month = oct,
day = "10",
doi = "10.3390/ijms19103096",
language = "English",
volume = "19",
journal = "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
issn = "1661-6596",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
number = "10",
}
