TY - JOUR
T1 - Fatigue and Arousal Modulations Revealed by Saccade and Pupil Dynamics
AU - Chen, Jui Tai
AU - Kuo, Ying Chun
AU - Hsu, Tzu Yu
AU - Wang, Chin An
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (109-2636-H-038-005, 110-2636-H-008-004 and 111-2628-H-008-003) to C.-A.W., (111-2410-H-038-005) to J.-T.C., (106-2410-H-038-004-MY2 and 109-2410-H-038-010) to T.-Y.H., and Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital (110-TMU-SHH-25) to J.-T.C.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Saccadic eye movements are directed to the objects of interests and enable high-resolution visual images in the exploration of the visual world. There is a trial-to-trial variation in saccade dynamics even in a simple task, possibly attributed to arousal fluctuations. Previous studies have showed that an increase of fatigue level over time, also known as time-on-task, can be revealed by saccade peak velocity. In addition, pupil size, controlled by the autonomic nervous system, has long been used as an arousal index. However, limited research has been done with regards to the relation between pupil size and saccade behavior in the context of trial-to-trial variation. To investigate fatigue and arousal effects on saccadic and pupillary responses, we used bright and emotional stimuli to evoke pupillary responses in tasks requiring reactive and voluntary saccade generation. Decreased voluntary saccade peak velocities, reduced tonic pupil size and phasic pupillary responses were observed as time-on-task increased. Moreover, tonic pupil size affected saccade latency and dynamics, with steeper saccade main sequence slope as tonic pupil size increased. In summary, saccade dynamics and tonic pupil size were sensitive to fatigue and arousal level, together providing valuable information for the understanding of human behavior.
AB - Saccadic eye movements are directed to the objects of interests and enable high-resolution visual images in the exploration of the visual world. There is a trial-to-trial variation in saccade dynamics even in a simple task, possibly attributed to arousal fluctuations. Previous studies have showed that an increase of fatigue level over time, also known as time-on-task, can be revealed by saccade peak velocity. In addition, pupil size, controlled by the autonomic nervous system, has long been used as an arousal index. However, limited research has been done with regards to the relation between pupil size and saccade behavior in the context of trial-to-trial variation. To investigate fatigue and arousal effects on saccadic and pupillary responses, we used bright and emotional stimuli to evoke pupillary responses in tasks requiring reactive and voluntary saccade generation. Decreased voluntary saccade peak velocities, reduced tonic pupil size and phasic pupillary responses were observed as time-on-task increased. Moreover, tonic pupil size affected saccade latency and dynamics, with steeper saccade main sequence slope as tonic pupil size increased. In summary, saccade dynamics and tonic pupil size were sensitive to fatigue and arousal level, together providing valuable information for the understanding of human behavior.
KW - arousal
KW - pupil dilation
KW - pupil light reflex
KW - saccade peak velocity
KW - superior colliculus
KW - time-on-task
KW - trial-to-trial
KW - voluntary and reflexive saccades
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U2 - 10.3390/ijerph19159234
DO - 10.3390/ijerph19159234
M3 - Article
C2 - 35954585
AN - SCOPUS:85136341936
SN - 1661-7827
VL - 19
JO - International journal of environmental research and public health
JF - International journal of environmental research and public health
IS - 15
M1 - 9234
ER -