TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of empagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
AU - Tomlinson, Brian
AU - Hu, Miao
AU - Zhang, Yuzhen
AU - Chan, Paul
AU - Liu, Zhong Min
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - Introduction: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the latest class of drugs to be introduced for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These drugs improve glycemic control by increasing urinary glucose excretion and exert additional benefits of weight loss and blood pressure reductions. Areas covered: This review outlines the background to SGLT2 inhibitors and provides details on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of empagliflozin and discusses the cardiovascular outcome trial. Expert opinion: Empagliflozin was the first from a new group of antidiabetic drugs to show benefits in a cardiovascular outcome trial. There were significant reductions in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and empagliflozin treatment reduced hospitalizations for heart failure and reduced the progression of diabetic nephropathy. These benefits, which occurred at a very early stage during the study, may be related to a reduction in circulating volume or changes in metabolic fuel utilization in the heart and kidneys. Whether these effects are shared by other SGLT2 inhibitors is not yet known, but there may be differences between drugs related to selectivity for inhibition of SGLT2 compared to SGLT1 or other pharmacological effects. Currently the outcome evidence is only available to support the use of empagliflozin in this drug class.
AB - Introduction: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the latest class of drugs to be introduced for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These drugs improve glycemic control by increasing urinary glucose excretion and exert additional benefits of weight loss and blood pressure reductions. Areas covered: This review outlines the background to SGLT2 inhibitors and provides details on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy of empagliflozin and discusses the cardiovascular outcome trial. Expert opinion: Empagliflozin was the first from a new group of antidiabetic drugs to show benefits in a cardiovascular outcome trial. There were significant reductions in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and empagliflozin treatment reduced hospitalizations for heart failure and reduced the progression of diabetic nephropathy. These benefits, which occurred at a very early stage during the study, may be related to a reduction in circulating volume or changes in metabolic fuel utilization in the heart and kidneys. Whether these effects are shared by other SGLT2 inhibitors is not yet known, but there may be differences between drugs related to selectivity for inhibition of SGLT2 compared to SGLT1 or other pharmacological effects. Currently the outcome evidence is only available to support the use of empagliflozin in this drug class.
KW - Empagliflozin
KW - SGLT2
KW - sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
KW - type 2 diabetes mellitus
KW - urinary glucose excretion
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U2 - 10.1080/17425255.2017.1258401
DO - 10.1080/17425255.2017.1258401
M3 - Article
C2 - 27817207
AN - SCOPUS:84996551945
SN - 1742-5255
VL - 13
SP - 211
EP - 223
JO - Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology
JF - Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology
IS - 2
ER -