Effects of Resistance Exercise in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: In Taiwan's aging society, age-related sarcopenic obesity has gradually become an important health issue. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with functional limitations, falls, disabilities, mental health problems, and even mortality. Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the effects of resistance exercise on body composition and physical functioning in older adults with sarcopenic obesity. Methods: A search of randomized controlled trials was conducted in six electronic medical databases from their inception to December 2023. Results: Twelve studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, with results indicating a significant increase in grip strength (effect size=1.560, 95% confidence interval [CI]=[0.178, 2.941]; p=.027) and significant reduction in body fat percentage (effect size=-1.737, 95% CI=[-2.563, -0.912], p<.001) in the experimental group versus the control group. However, gait speed and body mass index were not significantly improved by resistance exercise interventions. Conclusions: The findings support a positive effect of resistance exercise on grip strength and body fat percentage in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.