TY - JOUR
T1 - Different types of cell death induced by Enterotoxins
AU - Lin, Chiou Feng
AU - Chen, Chia-Ling
AU - Huang, Wei-Ching
AU - Cheng, Yi-Lin
AU - Hsieh, Chia-Yuan
AU - Wang, Chi-Yun
AU - Hong, Ming-Yuan
PY - 2010/8
Y1 - 2010/8
N2 - The infection of bacterial organisms generally causes cell death to facilitate microbial invasion and immune escape, both of which are involved in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. In addition to the intercellular infectious processes, pathogen-produced/secreted enterotoxins (mostly exotoxins) are the major weapons that kill host cells and cause diseases by inducing different types of cell death, particularly apoptosis and necrosis. Blocking these enterotoxins with synthetic drugs and vaccines is important for treating patients with infectious diseases. Studies of enterotoxin-induced apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms have helped us to create efficient strategies to use against these well-characterized cytopathic toxins. In this article, we review the induction of the different types of cell death from various bacterial enterotoxins, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B, staphylococcal alpha-toxin, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, alpha-hemolysin of Escherichia coli, Shiga toxins, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1, heat-labile enterotoxins, and the cholera toxin, Vibrio cholerae. In addition, necrosis caused by pore-forming toxins, apoptotic signaling through cross-talk pathways involving mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lysosomal injury is discussed.
AB - The infection of bacterial organisms generally causes cell death to facilitate microbial invasion and immune escape, both of which are involved in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. In addition to the intercellular infectious processes, pathogen-produced/secreted enterotoxins (mostly exotoxins) are the major weapons that kill host cells and cause diseases by inducing different types of cell death, particularly apoptosis and necrosis. Blocking these enterotoxins with synthetic drugs and vaccines is important for treating patients with infectious diseases. Studies of enterotoxin-induced apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms have helped us to create efficient strategies to use against these well-characterized cytopathic toxins. In this article, we review the induction of the different types of cell death from various bacterial enterotoxins, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B, staphylococcal alpha-toxin, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, alpha-hemolysin of Escherichia coli, Shiga toxins, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1, heat-labile enterotoxins, and the cholera toxin, Vibrio cholerae. In addition, necrosis caused by pore-forming toxins, apoptotic signaling through cross-talk pathways involving mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lysosomal injury is discussed.
KW - Alpha-hemolysin
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cholera toxin
KW - Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1
KW - Enterotoxin
KW - Exotoxin
KW - Heat-labile enterotoxin
KW - Necrosis
KW - Panton-valentine leukocidin
KW - Pore-forming toxin
KW - Shiga toxin
KW - Staphylococcal alpha-toxin
KW - Staphylococcal enterotoxin b
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79952084049&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=79952084049&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/toxins2082158
DO - 10.3390/toxins2082158
M3 - Article
C2 - 22069678
AN - SCOPUS:79952084049
SN - 2072-6651
VL - 2
SP - 2158
EP - 2176
JO - Toxins
JF - Toxins
IS - 8
ER -