TY - JOUR
T1 - Deoxynivalenol biomarkers in the urine of UK vegetarians
AU - Wells, Liz
AU - Hardie, Laura
AU - Williams, Courtney
AU - White, Kay
AU - Liu, Yunru
AU - De Santis, Barbara
AU - Debegnach, Francesca
AU - Moretti, Georgio
AU - Greetham, Stephanie
AU - Brera, Carlo
AU - Papageorgiou, Maria
AU - Thatcher, Natalie J.
AU - Rigby, Alan
AU - Atkin, Stephen L.
AU - Sathyapalan, Thozhukat
PY - 2017/7/1
Y1 - 2017/7/1
N2 - Deoxynivalenol (DON) is produced by Fusarium graminearum and is one of the most commonly occurring trichothecenes. Vegetarians are alleged to be a high-risk group for DON exposure due to high intakes of cereals susceptible to the growth of the mycotoxin. This study provides the levels of DON and de-epoxi Deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in urine analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in UK vegetarians. Over two consecutive days, morning urine samples were collected from 32 vegetarians and 31 UK adult volunteers, and associated food consumption 24 h prior to the sample was recorded. Statistically significant differences between the weight of the UK adults and vegetarians (t = 3.15. df = 61, p ≤ 0.005 two-tailed) were observed. The mean levels of DON in urine for adults on day 1 was 3.05 ng free DON/mg creatinine, and on day 2 was 2.98 ng free DON/mg creatinine. Even though high mean levels were observed, most adults were within the tolerable daily intake. However, for vegetarians, the mean level of urinary DON on day 1 was 6.69 ng free DON/mg creatinine, and on day 2 was 3.42 ng free DON/mg creatinine. These levels equate to up to 32% of vegetarians exceeding recommended tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of exposure (1 µg/kg b.w./day).
AB - Deoxynivalenol (DON) is produced by Fusarium graminearum and is one of the most commonly occurring trichothecenes. Vegetarians are alleged to be a high-risk group for DON exposure due to high intakes of cereals susceptible to the growth of the mycotoxin. This study provides the levels of DON and de-epoxi Deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in urine analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in UK vegetarians. Over two consecutive days, morning urine samples were collected from 32 vegetarians and 31 UK adult volunteers, and associated food consumption 24 h prior to the sample was recorded. Statistically significant differences between the weight of the UK adults and vegetarians (t = 3.15. df = 61, p ≤ 0.005 two-tailed) were observed. The mean levels of DON in urine for adults on day 1 was 3.05 ng free DON/mg creatinine, and on day 2 was 2.98 ng free DON/mg creatinine. Even though high mean levels were observed, most adults were within the tolerable daily intake. However, for vegetarians, the mean level of urinary DON on day 1 was 6.69 ng free DON/mg creatinine, and on day 2 was 3.42 ng free DON/mg creatinine. These levels equate to up to 32% of vegetarians exceeding recommended tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of exposure (1 µg/kg b.w./day).
KW - Deoxynivalenol
KW - Mycotoxins
KW - Vegetarians
KW - Vomitoxin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85021431889&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85021431889&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/toxins9070196
DO - 10.3390/toxins9070196
M3 - Article
C2 - 28640201
AN - SCOPUS:85021431889
SN - 2072-6651
VL - 9
JO - Toxins
JF - Toxins
IS - 7
M1 - 196
ER -