TY - JOUR
T1 - Conceptual development of immunotherapeutic approaches to gastrointestinal cancer
AU - Abolarinwa, Bilikis Aderonke
AU - Ibrahim, Ridwan Babatunde
AU - Huang, Yen Hua
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by research grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Grant numbers: MOST 105-2628-B-038-008-MY3, MOST 106-3114-B-038-001, MOST 107-2321-B-038-002, MOST 107-2314-B-038-057, MOST 107-2314-B-038-061, MOST 108-2320-B-038-033-MY3, MOST 108-2321-B-038-003, and MOST 108-2314-B-038-006); Health and Welfare Surcharge of Tobacco Products (Grant numbers: MOHW103-TD-B-111-01, MOHW104-TDU-B-212-124-001, MOHW105-TDU-B-212-134001, MOHW106-TDU-B-212-144001, MOHW107-TDU-B-212-114014, and MOHW108-TDU-B-212-124014); Ministry of Education, Taiwan (Grant numbers: DP2-107-21121-01-T-02 and DP2-108-21121-01-T-02-02);Taipei Medical University (Grant numbers: TMU-T104-06, TMU-T105-06, TMU-T106-03, and 105TMU-CIT-01-3); Taipei Medical University Hospital (Grant numbers: 104TMU-TMUH-04 and 105TMU-TMUH-10); and “TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine” from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2019/9/2
Y1 - 2019/9/2
N2 - Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy are the current treatments, but some patients do not derive clinical benefits. Recently, studies from cancer molecular subtyping have revealed that tumor molecular biomarkers may predict the immunotherapeutic response of GI cancer patients. However, the therapeutic response of patients selected by the predictive biomarkers is suboptimal. The tumor immune-microenvironment apparently plays a key role in modulating these molecular-determinant predictive biomarkers. Therefore, an understanding of the development and recent advances in immunotherapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting tumor immune-microenvironments and their potential predictive biomarkers will be helpful to strengthen patient immunotherapeutic efficacy. The current review focuses on an understanding of how the host-microenvironment interactions and the predictive biomarkers can determine the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The contribution of environmental pathogens and host immunity to GI cancer is summarized. A discussion regarding the clinical evidence of predictive biomarkers for clinical trial therapy design, current immunotherapeutic strategies, and the outcomes to GI cancer patients are highlighted. An understanding of the underlying mechanism can predict the immunotherapeutic efficacy and facilitate the future development of personalized therapeutic strategies targeting GI cancers.
AB - Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy are the current treatments, but some patients do not derive clinical benefits. Recently, studies from cancer molecular subtyping have revealed that tumor molecular biomarkers may predict the immunotherapeutic response of GI cancer patients. However, the therapeutic response of patients selected by the predictive biomarkers is suboptimal. The tumor immune-microenvironment apparently plays a key role in modulating these molecular-determinant predictive biomarkers. Therefore, an understanding of the development and recent advances in immunotherapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting tumor immune-microenvironments and their potential predictive biomarkers will be helpful to strengthen patient immunotherapeutic efficacy. The current review focuses on an understanding of how the host-microenvironment interactions and the predictive biomarkers can determine the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The contribution of environmental pathogens and host immunity to GI cancer is summarized. A discussion regarding the clinical evidence of predictive biomarkers for clinical trial therapy design, current immunotherapeutic strategies, and the outcomes to GI cancer patients are highlighted. An understanding of the underlying mechanism can predict the immunotherapeutic efficacy and facilitate the future development of personalized therapeutic strategies targeting GI cancers.
KW - Gastrointestinal cancer
KW - Immune system
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Predictive biomarker
KW - Tumor microenvironment
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U2 - 10.3390/ijms20184624
DO - 10.3390/ijms20184624
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31540435
AN - SCOPUS:85072514080
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 20
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 18
M1 - 4624
ER -