Cigarette smoking, opioid consumption, and pain intensity after major surgery: An observational study

Yi Chien Wang, Chien Wun Wang, Hsiang Ling Wu, Juan P. Cata, Shih Yu Huang, Yu Ming Wu, Jui Tai Chen, Yih Giun Cherng, Ying Hsuan Tai

研究成果: 雜誌貢獻文章同行評審

9 引文 斯高帕斯(Scopus)

摘要

Background: Chronic exposure to nicotine may change pain perception and promote opioid intake. This study aimed to evaluate the putative effect of cigarette smoking on opioid requirements and pain intensity after surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent major surgery and received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) at a medical center between January 2020 and March 2022 were enrolled. Patients' preoperative smoking status was assessed using a questionnaire by certified nurse anesthetists. The primary outcome was postoperative opioid consumption within 3 days after surgery. The secondary outcome was the mean daily maximum pain score, assessed using a self-report 11-point numeric rating scale, and the number of IV-PCA infusion requests within three postoperative days. Multivariable linear regression models were used to calculate the regression coefficient (beta) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between smoking status and outcomes of interest. Results: A total of 1162 consecutive patients were categorized into never smokers (n = 968), former smokers (n = 45), and current smokers (n = 149). Current smoking was significantly associated with greater postoperative opioid consumption (beta: 0.296; 95% CI, 0.068-0.523), higher pain scores (beta: 0.087; 95% CI, 0.009-0.166), and more infusion requests (beta: 0.391; 95% CI, 0.073-0.710) compared with never smokers. In a dose-dependent manner, smoking quantity (cigarette per day) was positively correlated with both intraoperative (Spearman's rho: 0.2207, p = 0.007) and postoperative opioid consumption (Spearman's rho: 0.1745, p = 0.033) among current smokers. Conclusion: Current cigarette smokers experienced higher acute pain, had more IV-PCA infusion requests, and consumed more opioids after surgery. Multimodal analgesia with nonopioid analgesics and opioid-sparing techniques, along with smoking cessation should be considered for this population.
原文英語
頁(從 - 到)440-448
頁數9
期刊Journal of the Chinese Medical Association
86
發行號4
DOIs
出版狀態已發佈 - 4月 2023

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • 一般醫學

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