TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-inflammatory effects of indomethacin's methyl ester derivative and induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells
AU - Chao, Su Hui
AU - Wu, An-Bang
AU - Lee, Chia Jung
AU - Chen, Fu An
AU - Wang, Ching Chiung
PY - 2005/12
Y1 - 2005/12
N2 - Indomethacin is used as an anti-inflammatory drug and a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. When indomethacin in methanol was photo-irradiated with an Hg lamp, methyl ester, ethyl ester, and γ-lactone derivatives of indomethacin were produced. In the present study, we found that the methyl ester derivative of indomethacin (M-IN) could more potently inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) protein expression from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells than indomethacin, similar to the effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). On the other hand, the results showed that M-IN with an IC50 value maintained at 36.9 μg/ml for 12 h exhibited stronger cytotoxicity than ethyl ester, γ-lactone derivatives of indomethacin, and indomethacin in promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Moreover, a series of biochemical analyses determined that M-IN caused apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation, and enhanced PARP and pro-caspase 3 degradation in HL-60 cells. These above results indicate that the photosynthesized product, M-IN, had stronger anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and cytotoxicity effects in HL-60 cells than the parent drug, indomethacin.
AB - Indomethacin is used as an anti-inflammatory drug and a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. When indomethacin in methanol was photo-irradiated with an Hg lamp, methyl ester, ethyl ester, and γ-lactone derivatives of indomethacin were produced. In the present study, we found that the methyl ester derivative of indomethacin (M-IN) could more potently inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) protein expression from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells than indomethacin, similar to the effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). On the other hand, the results showed that M-IN with an IC50 value maintained at 36.9 μg/ml for 12 h exhibited stronger cytotoxicity than ethyl ester, γ-lactone derivatives of indomethacin, and indomethacin in promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Moreover, a series of biochemical analyses determined that M-IN caused apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation, and enhanced PARP and pro-caspase 3 degradation in HL-60 cells. These above results indicate that the photosynthesized product, M-IN, had stronger anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and cytotoxicity effects in HL-60 cells than the parent drug, indomethacin.
KW - Anti-inflammatory drug
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Caspase 3
KW - Cyclooxygenase
KW - [1-(4-chloro-benzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-indol-3-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester
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U2 - 10.1248/bpb.28.2206
DO - 10.1248/bpb.28.2206
M3 - Article
C2 - 16327150
AN - SCOPUS:28744446574
SN - 0918-6158
VL - 28
SP - 2206
EP - 2210
JO - Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
JF - Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
IS - 12
ER -