TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-inflammatory alkaloids from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaves
AU - Lin, Hong Yu
AU - Chung, Cheng Pei
AU - Hsia, Shih Min
AU - Chang, Yu Chia
AU - Chiang, Wenchang
AU - Kuo, Yueh Hsiung
AU - Lin, Yun Lian
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety (ZRRPF3M0081) and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine (ZRRPF3L0091, ZRRPF3M0091), Chang Gung University of Science and Technology.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic perennial; and lotus leaves were used for food and functional herbal tea in Asia, while alkaloids are regarded as important components. Total alkaloids (TAs), phenolic alkaloids (PAs), and non-PAs from lotus leaves revealed inhibitory effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging effects and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Five alkaloids were isolated and identified as asimilobine (1), roemerine (2), lysicamine (3), nuciferine (4), and N-methylcoclaurine (5). Of them, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potency as direct NO scavengers while 5 exerted the highest DPPH radical-scavenging effect. Compound 5 also inhibited NO production with an IC50 value of 6 μM through suppressing inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited NO production (IC50 values of 21 and 25 μM, respectively) as well as iNOS and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions. Further, compound 5 occupied 27.5% of TAs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, which was mainly responsible for the activities. Besides, no obvious cytotoxicity was observed under treated concentrations. The present study suggests that alkaloid extracts and individual components can be valuable functional ingredients from lotus leaves.
AB - Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic perennial; and lotus leaves were used for food and functional herbal tea in Asia, while alkaloids are regarded as important components. Total alkaloids (TAs), phenolic alkaloids (PAs), and non-PAs from lotus leaves revealed inhibitory effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging effects and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Five alkaloids were isolated and identified as asimilobine (1), roemerine (2), lysicamine (3), nuciferine (4), and N-methylcoclaurine (5). Of them, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potency as direct NO scavengers while 5 exerted the highest DPPH radical-scavenging effect. Compound 5 also inhibited NO production with an IC50 value of 6 μM through suppressing inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited NO production (IC50 values of 21 and 25 μM, respectively) as well as iNOS and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions. Further, compound 5 occupied 27.5% of TAs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, which was mainly responsible for the activities. Besides, no obvious cytotoxicity was observed under treated concentrations. The present study suggests that alkaloid extracts and individual components can be valuable functional ingredients from lotus leaves.
KW - Alkaloids
KW - Anti-inflammation
KW - High-performance liquid chromatography analysis
KW - Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. leaves
KW - RAW 264.7 macrophages
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147552959&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85147552959&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00217-022-04169-7
DO - 10.1007/s00217-022-04169-7
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147552959
SN - 1438-2377
VL - 249
SP - 739
EP - 748
JO - European Food Research and Technology
JF - European Food Research and Technology
IS - 3
ER -