TY - JOUR
T1 - Amidated xanthan gum-coated gastroretentive beads for controlled release of chebulinic acid solid dispersions
AU - Bhardwaj, Bigul Yogeshver
AU - Lal, Uma Ranjan
AU - Dwivedi, Ram Prakash
AU - Yang, Jen Chang
AU - Negi, Poonam
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2025/8
Y1 - 2025/8
N2 - This study investigates the usefulness of chemically modified xanthan gum (XG), a natural polysaccharide known for its mucoadhesive and swelling characteristics, in gastroretentive drug delivery systems. XG was modified through amidation using triethanolamine in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) as a coupling agent. The resulting amidated xanthan gum (AXG) exhibited significantly improved physicochemical properties, including reduced hydrophilicity, enhanced thermal stability, and increased crystallinity, as confirmed by FTIR, DSC, XRD, and ^1H NMR analyses. Sodium alginate beads were prepared via the ionotropic gelation and subsequently coated with XG and AXG through diffusion-controlled interfacial complexation. The formulations demonstrated sustained drug release (74.8–93.1 %), low densities (0.524–0.40 g/cm3), minimal lag time (5.12–6.18 s), and high drug encapsulation efficiency (58.01–66.43 %). AXG-coated formulations exhibited a higher swelling index (161 %) compared to XG-coated formulations (119 %). SEM analysis revealed the presence of AXG fragments on the bead surfaces. Ex vivo studies confirmed superior mucoadhesive properties of AXG (58 %) compared to XG (46 %). In conclusion, AXG-based composites outperformed XG in achieving targeted and controlled drug delivery to the stomach.
AB - This study investigates the usefulness of chemically modified xanthan gum (XG), a natural polysaccharide known for its mucoadhesive and swelling characteristics, in gastroretentive drug delivery systems. XG was modified through amidation using triethanolamine in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) as a coupling agent. The resulting amidated xanthan gum (AXG) exhibited significantly improved physicochemical properties, including reduced hydrophilicity, enhanced thermal stability, and increased crystallinity, as confirmed by FTIR, DSC, XRD, and ^1H NMR analyses. Sodium alginate beads were prepared via the ionotropic gelation and subsequently coated with XG and AXG through diffusion-controlled interfacial complexation. The formulations demonstrated sustained drug release (74.8–93.1 %), low densities (0.524–0.40 g/cm3), minimal lag time (5.12–6.18 s), and high drug encapsulation efficiency (58.01–66.43 %). AXG-coated formulations exhibited a higher swelling index (161 %) compared to XG-coated formulations (119 %). SEM analysis revealed the presence of AXG fragments on the bead surfaces. Ex vivo studies confirmed superior mucoadhesive properties of AXG (58 %) compared to XG (46 %). In conclusion, AXG-based composites outperformed XG in achieving targeted and controlled drug delivery to the stomach.
KW - Gastroretention
KW - Ionotropic gelation
KW - Modified xanthan gum
KW - Mucoadhesion
KW - Sodium alginate
KW - Swelling
KW - Gastroretention
KW - Ionotropic gelation
KW - Modified xanthan gum
KW - Mucoadhesion
KW - Sodium alginate
KW - Swelling
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005401501
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005401501#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109528
DO - 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109528
M3 - Article
C2 - 40403390
AN - SCOPUS:105005401501
SN - 0008-6215
VL - 554
JO - Carbohydrate Research
JF - Carbohydrate Research
M1 - 109528
ER -