@article{33d8352066854b5e9b7f2e301d375b6c,
title = "Alteration in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by pm1 during the development of emphysema in rats",
abstract = "Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) provides an adhesion site for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients with COPD could have severe outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The objective of this study was to investigate ACE2 regulation by air pollution during the development of COPD. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to unconcentrated traffic-related air pollution for 3 and 6 months. We examined lung injury markers, oxidative stress, inflammation, emphysema, ACE2 and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) and 2 (AT2) in the lungs after exposure. Results: Lung injury occurred due to an increase in permeability and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity was observed after 6 months of exposure to fine particulate matter of <1 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM1). An α1-antitrypsin deficiency and neutrophil elastase production with emphysema development were observed after 6 months of PM1 exposure. 8-isoprostane and interleukin-6 were increased after 3 and 6 months of PM1 exposure. Caspase-3 was increased after exposure to PM1 for 6 months. Upregulation of ACE2 was found after 3 months of PM1 exposure; however, ACE2 had decreased by 6 months of PM1 exposure. AT1 and AT2 had significantly decreased after exposure to PM1 for 6 months. Furthermore, smooth muscle hypertrophy had occurred after 6 months of PM1 exposure. Conclusions: In conclusion, short-term exposure to PM1 increased the ACE2 overexpression in lungs. Long-term exposure to PM1 decreased the ACE2 overexpression in emphysema. Air pollution may be a risk for SARS-CoV-2 adhesion during the development of COPD.",
author = "Chuang, {Hsiao Chi} and Chen, {Yi Ying} and Hsiao, {Ta Chih} and Chou, {Hsiu Chu} and Kuo, {Han Pin} and Feng, {Po Hao} and Ho, {Shu Chuan} and Chen, {Jen Kun} and Chuang, {Kai Jen} and Lee, {Kang Yun}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} ERS 2020.",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1183/23120541.00174-2020",
language = "English",
volume = "6",
pages = "1--8",
journal = "ERJ Open Research",
issn = "2312-0541",
publisher = "European Respiratory Society",
number = "4",
}