A one-year follow-up study on the incidence and risk of endophthalmitis after pyogenic liver abscess

Purpose: Although endophthalmitis secondary to pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is becoming a globally emerging infectious disease, population-based investigations evaluating the relationship between PLA and endogenous endophthalmitis remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk of endogenous endophthalmitis in patients with PLA compared with unaffected individuals by using a nationwide, population-based dataset. Design: Retrospective, cohort study. Participants and Controls: This study used data sourced from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. In total, 12 727 patients with PLA were included in the study group and 63 635 matched subjects were randomly extracted as a comparison group. Methods: Stratified Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to assess the effect of PLA on the hazard of developing endogenous endophthalmitis. Main Outcome Measures: The incidence and risk of endogenous endophthalmitis between the study group and comparison group. Results: Of the total sample, 148 subjects (0.10%) were diagnosed with endophthalmitis during the 1-year follow-up period. Endophthalmitis was found in 106 patients (0.84%) with PLA and 42 comparison patients (0.07%). After adjusting for patient monthly income, geographic location, and urbanization level, those suffering from PLA were found to have a greater likelihood of developing endophthalmitis during the 1-year follow-up period than comparison patients (hazard ratio [HR], 12.83; 95% confidence interval, 8.94-18.41). Stratification did not reveal any large differences in the adjusted HRs for endophthalmitis between PLA patients suffering from diabetes and those in whom diabetes was absent. We further analyzed the etiology of cases with endogenous endophthalmitis in this investigation and found Klebsiella pneumonia to be the causative organism among 75.5% of the cases but only 33.4% of the comparison group. Conclusions: We found that the incidence and risk of developing endophthalmitis was significantly higher among patients with PLA compared with matched controls irrespective of diabetes status. Financial Disclosure(s): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.