A novel bubble-mixture method to improve dynamic images in carbon dioxide angiography

Purpose: To present a novel method of preparing carbon dioxide (CO₂) for contrast enhancement.Technique: CO₂ angiography can often produce poor image enhancement, especially in dependent vessels due to buoyancy of the gas. A new technique for premixing the CO₂ gas with the patient's blood and dispersing it into the bubble mixture before injection was developed. Comparative dynamic images showed bubble-mixed CO₂ angiography had less fragmentation, more even distribution, and more sustainability than the same volume of pure CO₂. Conclusion: The alteration of CO₂ gas toward a semiliquid form demonstrates an easy and reproducible concept to improve the dynamic image quality of traditional CO₂ angiography.