衛生教育介入對於社區婦女在預防骨質疏鬆症知識、健康信念及行為成效之探討

This research was aimed to evaluate the effects of health education on preventing osteoporosis among women in the community. The purposes of this study included: (1) identifying factors related to community women’s knowledge, health beliefs and behavior about osteoporosis prevention; (2) to compare the effects of different health education programs on changing the women’s related knowledge, health beliefs and behavior; and (3) to identify the factors that influence the women’s osteoporosis preventive behavior. The experiment group had 98 women and the control group had 206 women. The first respondent rates of the experimental and the control groups were 100% and 50.9%. The second respondent rates of the experimental one, two and control groups were 95.9% (47/49)、97.7% (42/49)及86.7% (91/105)。 Major findings were as follows: Women’s knowledge was negatively related to age, and positively related to calcium intake (r=-0.12，p＜0.05；p＜0.05). Duration of breast-feeding was negatively correlated with perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers (r=-0.26，p＜0.05；r=-0.36，p＜0.05；r=-0.22，p＜0.05). Women’s osteoporosis preventiive behavior were positively related to their perceived health status and number of children; and negatively related to the age when fracture occurred (r=0.14，p＜0.05；r=0.16，p＜0.05；r=-0.63，p＜0.05). Group health education could effectively improve women’s knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and behavior intention as an immediate outcome. Through group and individual health education, women’s knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers of action and actually behavior were all significantly improved (t=-7.79，p＜.05；t=-5.99，p＜.05；t=-5.98，p＜0.5；t=-5.18；p＜.05，t=-4.35，p＜.05). The major predictor for women’s Osteoporosis preventing behavior was behavior intention (R^2=0.5915，F=205.64，p＜0.05). Based on the results of this study, women’s osteoporosis prevention could be effectively increased by two types of education. Therefore, community health nurses should learn about effective ways for conducting health education. This would eventually enhance community women’s perceived susceptibility and reduce their perceived barriers to improve their intention and actual osteoporosis preventive behavior in their daily life.