台灣北部地區懷孕婦女鐵質及影響孕期貧血之相關因子調查

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the main nutritional disorder disease affecting 41.8% pregnant women worldwide. The primary cause of gestational IDA is inadequate intakes of dietary iron and vitamin (Vit). The aim of this study was to evaluate iron status of pregnant women participating in Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey, Taiwan (Pregnant NAHSIT 2017-2019). A total of 475 pregnant women, aged between 15-48 years living in Northern Taiwan, were recruited between 2017-2019. Data such as sociodemography, blood biochemistry, and disease history before and during pregnancy were collected. The blood biochemistry included iron, folic acid, Vit B12, and Vit D. The total number of cases enrolled in trimester 1, 2 and 3 was 140, 166 and 169, respectively. The overall prevalence rates of nutritional deficiency were: 90.1% women with iron depletion , 37.7%with iron depletion, 9.3% with IDA and 16%with anemia。The number of pregnant women with nutritional deficiency was sign ificantly increased through the progression of gestational stages (all p-trend < 0.01). Adjusted multivariate logistic regression found that pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) (OR=0.28; 95% CI=0.009-0.87), trimester (OR=12.58; 95% CI=3.95-40.00), Vit B12 deficiency (OR=3.96; 95% CI=1.15-13.68) and folate depletion (OR=4.09; 95% CI=1.66-10.1) were independent risk factor for gestational IDA. pBMI 24 (kg/m2) protected against IDA in early pregnancy but become statistically insignificant in the late pregnancy. Our results suggest that iron deficiency remains a major public health concerns among pregnant women living in northern Taiwan, affecting one-fourth (19.5%) women in the late pregnancy. Women with concomitant deficiency of iron and erythropoiesis-related vitamins are at the greatest risk of gestational IDA.