Vitamin E status and its dietary determinants in Taiwanese: Results of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 1993-1996

Background: A large proportion of Taiwanese are considered to have inadequate vitamin E intake according to Taiwanese RDA. Aim of the study: To evaluate the vitamin E status in Taiwan using biochemical indicators, and to examine the influences of dietary factors. Methods: The Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 1993-1996 was conducted using a multi-stage sampling scheme. Data of 3614 subjects (1728 males, and 1886 females) aged 4 years and above were included in the current analysis. Results: Females had higher levels of serum α-tocopherol than males. Serum level of α-tocopherol significantly increased with age and blood lipids (p < 0.001). The prevalence rate of deficiency, assessed by the ratio of serum α-tocopherol to cholesterol + triglyceride(TG) < 1.59 μmol/mmol, was 1.4% for Taiwanese aged 4 and above. The prevalence was 1.02% for adults. This biochemical profile was superior in women compared to men. The age-serum vitamin E status was U-shaped, being poorest in teenagers. Geographical variation in vitamin E/cholesterol+TG ratio was not apparent across regions. An association was observed between serum vitamin E status and frequency of vitamin E supplements, fresh fruits, and 100% fruit juices. An association was also seen with dietary intakes of vitamin C and vitamin E assessed by 24-hour recall. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of vitamin E deficiency in Taiwan was low. An association was observed between serum vitamin E status and dietary vitamins E and C intakes either from foods or supplements.