Using porous polyethylene implant for maxillofacial bony reconstruction - A general introduction and case report of a complication

Reconstruction of facial defect is always a challenging task for plastic surgeons. Using either autogenous tissue or alloplastic material has its own merits and demerits and the decision making depends not only on the experience of the surgeon but also on the selection of the patients. Alloplastic implant made of high-density porous polyethylene has been widely used in craniofacial reconstruction in recent years. It shows long-term stability, high tensile strength, and minimal tissue reaction. Its unique porous system facilitates tissue ingrowth, which enhances the implant fixation, therefore, it decreases the chance of migration, extrusion, and capsule formation. Here we presented our experience of using porous polyethylene implant in our hospital, the surgical technique used for implant insertion. Finally, a case of complication was presented to discuss the use of these implants in particular situations, such as previous irradiation. It is concluded that implant made of porous polyethylene is an ideal material for maxillofacial reconstruction; however, careful patient selection is needed. Tissue with history of previous irradiation may have the risk of poor tissue healing. Careful assessment and more scientific and reliable methods are still being sought to solve these problems.