TY - JOUR
T1 - The ginsenoside rg1 rescues mitochondrial disorders in aristolochic acid‐induced nephropathic mice
AU - Chou, Chu Kuang
AU - Huang, Yu Shen
AU - Lin, Pei Yu
AU - Imai, Kazuhiro
AU - Chen, Shih Ming
AU - Lee, Jen Ai
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by Department of Research of Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia‐Yi Christian Hospital (grant number R105‐20) and Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy (grant number CCMP97‐RD‐019).
Funding Information:
This research was funded by Department of Research of Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia?Yi Christian Hospital (grant number R105?20) and Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy (grant number CCMP97?RD?019).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Chronic exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) leads to renal interstitial fibrosis and nephropathy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of Panax ginseng extract (GE) and ginsenoside saponin (GS) on AA‐induced nephropathy (AAN) in mice. Eighty female C3H/He mice were randomly divided into eight groups, including normal; AA (3 μg/mL for 56 days); AA with GE (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/d for 14 days); and AA with important GE ingredients, Rg1, Rb1, or Rd (5 mg/kg/d for 14 days). Compared with the AA group, renal injuries were significantly decreased in the GE (250 mg/kg/d), Rb1, and Rg1 treatment groups. Rg1 exhibited the best renoprotection among all GS‐treated groups. There were 24 peaks significantly altered among normal, AA, and AA + Rg1 groups, and four mitochondrial proteins were identified, including acyl‐CoA synthetase medium‐chain family member 2, upregulated during skeletal muscle growth 5 (Usmg5), mitochondrial aconitase 2 (ACO2), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va preprotein (COX5a). We demonstrated for the first time that the AAN mechanism and renoprotective effects of Rg1 are associated with expression of mitochondrial proteins, especially ACO2, Usmg5, and COX5a.
AB - Chronic exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) leads to renal interstitial fibrosis and nephropathy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of Panax ginseng extract (GE) and ginsenoside saponin (GS) on AA‐induced nephropathy (AAN) in mice. Eighty female C3H/He mice were randomly divided into eight groups, including normal; AA (3 μg/mL for 56 days); AA with GE (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/d for 14 days); and AA with important GE ingredients, Rg1, Rb1, or Rd (5 mg/kg/d for 14 days). Compared with the AA group, renal injuries were significantly decreased in the GE (250 mg/kg/d), Rb1, and Rg1 treatment groups. Rg1 exhibited the best renoprotection among all GS‐treated groups. There were 24 peaks significantly altered among normal, AA, and AA + Rg1 groups, and four mitochondrial proteins were identified, including acyl‐CoA synthetase medium‐chain family member 2, upregulated during skeletal muscle growth 5 (Usmg5), mitochondrial aconitase 2 (ACO2), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va preprotein (COX5a). We demonstrated for the first time that the AAN mechanism and renoprotective effects of Rg1 are associated with expression of mitochondrial proteins, especially ACO2, Usmg5, and COX5a.
KW - aristolochic acid
KW - Ginsenoside
KW - Mitochondrial disorder
KW - Nephropathy
KW - Rg1
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U2 - 10.3390/life11101018
DO - 10.3390/life11101018
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85116356816
SN - 0024-3019
VL - 11
JO - Life
JF - Life
IS - 10
M1 - 1018
ER -