TY - JOUR
T1 - The changes of red blood cell viscoelasticity and sports anemia in male 24-hr ultra-marathoners
AU - Liu, Che Hung
AU - Tseng, Yen Fang
AU - Lai, Jiun I.
AU - Chen, Yin Quan
AU - Wang, Shih Hao
AU - Kao, Wei Fong
AU - Li, Li Hua
AU - Chiu, Yu Hui
AU - How, Chorng Kuang
AU - Chang, Wen Han
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank all the ultra-marathon runners who participated in this study and all the doctors, nurses, and emergency medical technicians who provided professional care at this ultra-marathon race. We also express gratitude to our colleagues at Soochow University and the Chinese Taipei Association of Ultra Runners, all of which assisted at the ultra-marathon event. We deeply appreciate Arthur Chiou, Professor, Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan to organize our viscoelastic analysis. We further feel an immense gratitude to Yen-Kuang Lin, Research Fellow, Biostatistics Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan to help our statistical analysis. Finally, this study was supported by Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan (MMH10574/106128).
Funding Information:
We thank all the ultra-marathon runners who participated in this study and all the doctors, nurses, and emergency medical technicians who provided professional care at this ultra-marathon race. We also express gratitude to our colleagues at Soochow University and the Chinese Taipei Association of Ultra Runners, all of which assisted at the ultra-marathon event. We deeply appreciate Arthur Chiou, Professor, Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan to organize our viscoelastic analysis. We further feel an immense gratitude to Yen-Kuang Lin, Research Fellow, Biostatistics Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan to help our statistical analysis. Finally, this study was supported by Mackay Memorial Hospital , Taiwan ( MMH10574/10612 8).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017
PY - 2018/5
Y1 - 2018/5
N2 - Background: In endurance sports, stress, dehydration and release of chemical factors have been associated with red blood cell (RBC) alterations of structure and function, which may contribute to sports anemia, a well-observed phenomenon during long-distance running. Until now, the investigation of the changes of viscoelastic properties of RBC membrane, a decisive factor of RBC deformability to avoid hemolysis, is lacking, especially in an Oriental population. Methods: nineteen runners were prospectively recruited into our study. Hematological parameters were analyzed before and immediately after the 2015 Taipei 24H Ultra-Marathon Festival, Taiwan. Video particle tracking microrheology was used to determine viscoelastic properties of each RBC sample by calculating the dynamic elastic modulus G′(f) and the viscous modulus G″(f) at frequency f = 20 Hz. Results: Haptoglobin, RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin, plasma free hemoglobin and unsaturated iron-binding capacity values of the recruited runners showed a statistically significant drop in the post-race values. Blood concentration of reticulocyte and ferritin were significantly higher at post-race compared with pre-race. 15 out of the 19 runners had a concurrent change in the elastic and the viscous moduli of their RBCs. Changes in the elastic and the viscous moduli were correlated with changes in the RBC count, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Conclusion: Viscoelasticity properties, the elastic modulus G′(f) and the viscous modulus G″(f) of RBCs are associated with endurance exercise-induced anemia.
AB - Background: In endurance sports, stress, dehydration and release of chemical factors have been associated with red blood cell (RBC) alterations of structure and function, which may contribute to sports anemia, a well-observed phenomenon during long-distance running. Until now, the investigation of the changes of viscoelastic properties of RBC membrane, a decisive factor of RBC deformability to avoid hemolysis, is lacking, especially in an Oriental population. Methods: nineteen runners were prospectively recruited into our study. Hematological parameters were analyzed before and immediately after the 2015 Taipei 24H Ultra-Marathon Festival, Taiwan. Video particle tracking microrheology was used to determine viscoelastic properties of each RBC sample by calculating the dynamic elastic modulus G′(f) and the viscous modulus G″(f) at frequency f = 20 Hz. Results: Haptoglobin, RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin, plasma free hemoglobin and unsaturated iron-binding capacity values of the recruited runners showed a statistically significant drop in the post-race values. Blood concentration of reticulocyte and ferritin were significantly higher at post-race compared with pre-race. 15 out of the 19 runners had a concurrent change in the elastic and the viscous moduli of their RBCs. Changes in the elastic and the viscous moduli were correlated with changes in the RBC count, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Conclusion: Viscoelasticity properties, the elastic modulus G′(f) and the viscous modulus G″(f) of RBCs are associated with endurance exercise-induced anemia.
KW - Clinical sports medicine
KW - Red blood cell
KW - Sports anemia
KW - Ultra-marathon
KW - Viscoelastic properties
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.09.011
DO - 10.1016/j.jcma.2017.09.011
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85033573113
SN - 1726-4901
VL - 81
SP - 475
EP - 481
JO - Journal of the Chinese Medical Association
JF - Journal of the Chinese Medical Association
IS - 5
ER -