TY - JOUR
T1 - The Association between Influenza Vaccine and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease/Dialysis in Patients with Hypertension
AU - Hao, Wen Rui
AU - Yang, Tsung Lin
AU - Lai, Yu Hsin
AU - Lin, Kuan Jie
AU - Fang, Yu Ann
AU - Chen, Ming Yao
AU - Hsu, Min Huei
AU - Chiu, Chun Chih
AU - Yang, Tsung Yeh
AU - Chen, Chun Chao
AU - Liu, Ju Chi
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan (DP2-111-21121-01-A-04), and the 112FRP-01-4 from the Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Backgrounds: Influenza vaccination could decrease the risk of major cardiac events in patients with hypertension. However, the vaccine’s effects on decreasing the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in such patients remain unclear. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the data of 37,117 patients with hypertension (≥55 years old) from the National Health Insurance Research Database during 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2012. After a 1:1 propensity score matching by the year of diagnosis, we divided the patients into vaccinated (n = 15,961) and unvaccinated groups (n = 21,156). Results: In vaccinated group, significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, dyslipidemia, heart and liver disease were observed compared with unvaccinated group. After adjusting age, sex, comorbidities, medications (anti-hypertensive agents, metformin, aspirin and statin), level of urbanization and monthly incomes, significantly lower risk of CKD occurrence was observed among vaccinated patients in influenza season, non-influenza season and all season (Adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.39, 95% confidence level [C.I.]: 0.33–0.46; 0.38, 95% C.I.: 0.31–0.45; 0.38, 95% C.I.: 0.34–0.44, respectively). The risk of hemodialysis significantly decreased after vaccination (aHR: 0.40, 95% C.I.: 0.30–0.53; 0.42, 95% C.I.: 0.31–0.57; 0.41, 95% C.I.: 0.33–0.51, during influenza season, non-influenza season and all season). In sensitivity analysis, patients with different sex, elder and non-elder age, with or without comorbidities and with or without medications had significant decreased risk of CKD occurrence and underwent hemodialysis after vaccination. Moreover, the potential protective effect appeared to be dose-dependent. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination decreases the risk of CKD among patients with hypertension and also decrease the risk of receiving renal replacement therapy. Its potential protective effects are dose-dependent and persist during both influenza and noninfluenza seasons.
AB - Backgrounds: Influenza vaccination could decrease the risk of major cardiac events in patients with hypertension. However, the vaccine’s effects on decreasing the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in such patients remain unclear. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the data of 37,117 patients with hypertension (≥55 years old) from the National Health Insurance Research Database during 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2012. After a 1:1 propensity score matching by the year of diagnosis, we divided the patients into vaccinated (n = 15,961) and unvaccinated groups (n = 21,156). Results: In vaccinated group, significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, dyslipidemia, heart and liver disease were observed compared with unvaccinated group. After adjusting age, sex, comorbidities, medications (anti-hypertensive agents, metformin, aspirin and statin), level of urbanization and monthly incomes, significantly lower risk of CKD occurrence was observed among vaccinated patients in influenza season, non-influenza season and all season (Adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.39, 95% confidence level [C.I.]: 0.33–0.46; 0.38, 95% C.I.: 0.31–0.45; 0.38, 95% C.I.: 0.34–0.44, respectively). The risk of hemodialysis significantly decreased after vaccination (aHR: 0.40, 95% C.I.: 0.30–0.53; 0.42, 95% C.I.: 0.31–0.57; 0.41, 95% C.I.: 0.33–0.51, during influenza season, non-influenza season and all season). In sensitivity analysis, patients with different sex, elder and non-elder age, with or without comorbidities and with or without medications had significant decreased risk of CKD occurrence and underwent hemodialysis after vaccination. Moreover, the potential protective effect appeared to be dose-dependent. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination decreases the risk of CKD among patients with hypertension and also decrease the risk of receiving renal replacement therapy. Its potential protective effects are dose-dependent and persist during both influenza and noninfluenza seasons.
KW - chronic kidney disease
KW - dialysis
KW - hypertension
KW - influenza vaccine
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U2 - 10.3390/vaccines11061098
DO - 10.3390/vaccines11061098
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85163609408
SN - 2076-393X
VL - 11
JO - Vaccines
JF - Vaccines
IS - 6
M1 - 1098
ER -