@article{67048bd987c64b559f33b5c125c89262,
title = "Surgical treatment of gynecomastia: Complications and outcomes",
abstract = "Gynecomastia is defined as the benign enlargement of the male breast. Multiple surgical options have been used to improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the surgical approaches to the treatment of gynecomastia and their outcomes over a 10-year period. All patients undergoing surgical correction of gynecomastia in our department between 2000 and 2010 were included for retrospective evaluation. The data were analyzed for etiology, stage of gynecomastia, surgical technique, complications, risk factors, and revision rate. The surgical result was evaluated with self-assessment questionnaires. A total of 41 patients with 75 operations were included. Techniques included subcutaneous mastectomy alone or with additional ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL) and isolated UAL. The surgical revision rate for all patients was 4.8%. The skin-sparing procedure gave good surgical results in grade IIb and grade III gynecomastia with low revision and complication rates. The self-assessment report revealed a good level of overall satisfaction and improvement in self-confidence (average scores 9.4 and 9.2, respectively, on a 10-point scale). The treatment of gynecomastia requires an individualized approach. Subcutaneous mastectomy combined with UAL could be used as the first choice for surgical treatment of grade II and III gynecomastia. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2012 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.",
keywords = "gynecomastia, liposuction, mastectomy, pull-through technique, adolescent, adult, aged, article, breast reconstruction, human, male, methodology, middle aged, retrospective study, treatment outcome, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Gynecomastia, Humans, Male, Mammaplasty, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult",
author = "Chun-Chang Li and Ju-Peng Fu and Shun-Cheng Chang and Tim-Mo Chen and Shyi-Gen Chen",
note = "被引用次數：3 Export Date: 21 March 2016 CODEN: APCSD 通訊地址: Chen, S.-G.; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Cheng-Kung Rd, Sec 2, Taipei 114, Taiwan; 電子郵件： miho0402@ndmctsgh.edu.tw 參考文獻: Narula, H.S., Carlson, H.E., Gynecomastia (2007) Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 36 (2), pp. 497-519. , DOI 10.1016/j.ecl.2007.03.013, PII S0889852907000308, Andrology; Nuttall, F.Q., Gynecomastia as a physical finding in normal men (1979) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 48 (2), pp. 338-340; Niewoehner, C.B., Nuttall, F.Q., Gynecomastia in a hospitalized male population (1984) American Journal of Medicine, 77 (4), pp. 633-638; Bembo, S.A., Carlson, H.E., Gynecomastia: Its features, and when and how to treat it (2004) Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 71 (6), pp. 511-517; Simon, B.E., Hoffman, S., Kahn, S., Classification and surgical correction of gy-necomastia (1973) Plast Reconstr Surg., 51, pp. 48-56; Webster, J.P., Mastectomy for gynecomastia through a semicircular intra-areolar incision (1946) Ann Surg., 124, pp. 557-575; 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year = "2012",
doi = "10.1097/SAP.0b013e318222834d",
language = "English",
volume = "69",
pages = "510--515",
journal = "Annals of Plastic Surgery",
issn = "0148-7043",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
number = "5",
}