@article{4a153e29efc34d7aa15a23c247c955ac,
title = "Structural insights into the interaction between phytoplasmal effector causing phyllody 1 and MADS transcription factors",
abstract = "Phytoplasmas are bacterial plant pathogens which can induce severe symptoms including dwarfism, phyllody and virescence in an infected plant. Because phytoplasmas infect many important crops such as peanut and papaya they have caused serious agricultural losses. The phytoplasmal effector causing phyllody 1 (PHYL1) is an important phytoplasmal pathogenic factor which affects the biological function of MADS transcription factors by interacting with their K (keratin-like) domain, thus resulting in abnormal plant developments such as phyllody. Until now, lack of information on the structure of PHYL1 has prevented a detailed understanding of the binding mechanism between PHYL1 and the MADS transcription factors. Here, we present the crystal structure of PHYL1 from peanut witches{\textquoteright}-broom phytoplasma (PHYL1Pn WB). This protein was found to fold into a unique α-helical hairpin with exposed hydrophobic residues on its surface that may play an important role in its biological function. Using proteomics approaches, we propose a binding mode of PHYL1Pn WB with the K domain of the MADS transcription factor SEPALLATA3 (SEP3_K) and identify the residues of PHYL1Pn WB that are important for this interaction. Furthermore, using surface plasmon resonance we measure the binding strength of PHYL1Pn WB proteins to SEP3_K. Lastly, based on confocal images, we found that α-helix 2 of PHYL1Pn WB plays an important role in PHYL1-mediated degradation of SEP3. Taken together, these results provide a structural understanding of the specific binding mechanism between PHYL1Pn WB and SEP3_K.",
keywords = "MADS transcription factor, Phytoplasma, Phytoplasmal effector causing phyllody 1",
author = "Liao, {Yi Ting} and Lin, {Shih Shun} and Lin, {Shin Jen} and Sun, {Wan Ting} and Shen, {Bing Nan} and Cheng, {Han Pin} and Lin, {Chan Pin} and Ko, {Tzu Ping} and Chen, {Yi Fan} and Wang, {Hao Ching}",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge the staff of the beamlines BL15A1 and TPS05A at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) in Hsinchu, Taiwan, for their help in X-ray crystal data collection. We also thank Dr. Shu-Chuan Jao of the Biophysics Core Facility, Department of Academic Affairs and Instrument Service at Academia Sinica for her help in BIAcore analyses, and the Core Facilities for Proteomics Research located at the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica for their help in proteomic mass spectrometry analyses. This work was supported financially by National Science Council grants (grants NSC103-2311-B-038-005-MY3, MOST106-2311-B-038-002, MOST107-2313-B-038-001 and MOST107-2313-B-002-039-MY3). Funding Information: We acknowledge the staff of the beamlines BL15A1 and TPS05A at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) in Hsinchu, Taiwan, for their help in X‐ray crystal data collection. We also thank Dr. Shu‐Chuan Jao of the Biophysics Core Facility, Department of Academic Affairs and Instrument Service at Academia Sinica for her help in BIAcore analyses, and the Core Facilities for Proteomics Research located at the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica for their help in proteomic mass spectrometry analyses. This work was supported financially by National Science Council grants (grants NSC103‐2311‐B‐038‐005‐MY3, MOST106‐2311‐B‐038‐002, MOST107‐2313‐B‐038‐001 and MOST107‐2313‐B‐002‐039‐MY3). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors The Plant Journal {\textcopyright} 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
year = "2019",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/tpj.14463",
language = "English",
volume = "100",
pages = "706--719",
journal = "Plant Journal",
issn = "0960-7412",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "4",
}