TY - JOUR
T1 - Spirulina phycocyanin extract and its active components suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in endometrial cancer via targeting TGF-beta1/SMAD4 signaling pathway
AU - Chen, Hsin Yuan
AU - Chiang, Yi Fen
AU - Huang, Chun Yung
AU - Shieh, Tzong Ming
AU - Kao, Chieh
AU - Chang, Fu Kuei
AU - Huang, Tsui Chin
AU - Ali, Mohamed
AU - Chang, Hsin Yi
AU - Hong, Yong Han
AU - Hsia, Shih Min
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the grants (MOST108–2320-B-214-001, MOST109–2314-B-038–059, MOST109–2628-B-038–015, MOST109–2320-B-254–001,MOST109–2314-B-214–004), MOST110-2314-B-038-158, and MOST110-2628-B-038-018) from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, grants (MOE-RSC-108RSN0005) from the Ministry of Education, Taiwan, and grants (ISU-110-IUC-01) from I-Shou University.All animal studies were conducted according to the protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Taipei Medical University (IACUC Approval No. 2021–0220).
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the grants ( MOST108–2320-B-214-001 , MOST109–2314-B-038–059 , MOST109–2628-B-038–015 , MOST109–2320-B-254–001 , MOST109–2314-B-214–004 ), MOST110-2314-B-038-158 , and MOST110-2628-B-038-018 ) from the Ministry of Science and Technology , Taiwan, grants ( MOE-RSC-108RSN0005 ) from the Ministry of Education , Taiwan, and grants ( ISU-110-IUC-01 ) from I-Shou University .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Metastasis is a major challenge in aggressive endometrial cancer treatment accounting for the high recurrence risk and poor prognosis of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulated by the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway, facilitates tumor metastasis. Spirulina phycocyanin extract (SPE) and its purified products allophycocyanin (APC) and C-phycocyanin (C-PC), derived from Spirulina platensis, can be considered a nutraceutical compound with the ability to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Current study aims to investigate the anti-metastatic potential of SPE, and its purified products APC, and C-PC on endometrial cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, human endometrial cancer cell lines (HEC-1A and Ishikawa) as an in vitro model. Secondly, HEC-1A cells transfected with luminescence gene were implanted into female nude mice as a xenograft model. MTT assay, transwell migration assay, immunoblotting assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, and IVIS XRMS analysis techniques were used. The in vitro results showed that SPE and its purified products APC and C-PC inhibited cell migration, and altered the expression of EMT-related phenotypes by reversing the TGFβ/SMADs signaling pathway. The in vivo results indicated that SPE repressed the metastasis of HEC-1A-LUC cells through modulating EMT-related markers expression. Overall, SPE and its efficient components APC and C-PC reversed the EMT through targeting the TGFβ/SMADs signaling pathway, suggesting an effective therapeutic strategy for metastatic endometrial cancer.
AB - Metastasis is a major challenge in aggressive endometrial cancer treatment accounting for the high recurrence risk and poor prognosis of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulated by the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway, facilitates tumor metastasis. Spirulina phycocyanin extract (SPE) and its purified products allophycocyanin (APC) and C-phycocyanin (C-PC), derived from Spirulina platensis, can be considered a nutraceutical compound with the ability to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Current study aims to investigate the anti-metastatic potential of SPE, and its purified products APC, and C-PC on endometrial cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, human endometrial cancer cell lines (HEC-1A and Ishikawa) as an in vitro model. Secondly, HEC-1A cells transfected with luminescence gene were implanted into female nude mice as a xenograft model. MTT assay, transwell migration assay, immunoblotting assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, and IVIS XRMS analysis techniques were used. The in vitro results showed that SPE and its purified products APC and C-PC inhibited cell migration, and altered the expression of EMT-related phenotypes by reversing the TGFβ/SMADs signaling pathway. The in vivo results indicated that SPE repressed the metastasis of HEC-1A-LUC cells through modulating EMT-related markers expression. Overall, SPE and its efficient components APC and C-PC reversed the EMT through targeting the TGFβ/SMADs signaling pathway, suggesting an effective therapeutic strategy for metastatic endometrial cancer.
KW - Allophycocyanin
KW - C-phycocyanin
KW - Endometrial cancer
KW - Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
KW - spirulina phycocyanin extract
KW - Transforming growth factor beta
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85131544073&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113219
DO - 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113219
M3 - Article
C2 - 35691155
AN - SCOPUS:85131544073
SN - 0753-3322
VL - 152
JO - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
JF - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
M1 - 113219
ER -
