Abstract
For many years, octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has been postulated as the precursor phase of biological apatite in bones and teeth. In this work, we study the molecular mechanism of OCP to hydroxyapatite (HAp) transformation in vitro by several physical techniques, with particular emphasis on solid-state 31P homonuclear double-quantum (DQ) NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro system is prepared by mixing urea, sodium phosphate monobasic dehydrate, and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate at 100 °C. The images obtained by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that the bladelike OCP crystals will transform into hexagonal rod-shaped HAp crystals as the pH of the reaction mixture increases slowly from 4.35 to 6.69 in 12 h. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that a trace amount of monetite was also precipitated when the pH was around 5. Together with computer-assisted lattice matching, our DQ NMR data reveal that OCP crystals transform to HAp topotaxially, where the [0001]HAp and [2110]HAp axes are along the same directions as the [001]OCP and [010]OCP axes, respectively. On the basis of our in vitro results, the formation of the central dark line commonly found in biological hard tissues could be explained by the inherent lattice mismatch between OCP and HAp. Furthermore, the data of the 31P{1H} cross-polarization NMR suggest that water molecules enter the hydration layers of OCP crystals via the hydrolysis reaction HPO42- + OH- = PO43- + H2O, which also accounts for the deprotonation of the HPO 42- ions during the transformation.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 6909-6918 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
Volume | 128 |
Issue number | 21 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - May 31 2006 |
Externally published | Yes |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Catalysis
- General Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Colloid and Surface Chemistry