@article{744ab3a5c85b4152ad6ce5feaf591397,
title = "Salvia sclarea l. Essential oil extract and its antioxidative phytochemical sclareol inhibit oxytocin-induced uterine hypercontraction dysmenorrhea model by inhibiting the ca2+–mlck–mlc20 signaling cascade: An ex vivo and in vivo study",
abstract = "Salvia sclarea essential oil is used as an aromatic therapy for dysmenorrhea. Sclareol—one of the natural products isolated from S. sclarea—displays anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, researchers have not yet evaluated the mechanism related to the pain-relieving effect of sclareol. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential effect of sclareol in ex vivo and in vivo dysmenorrhea models, as well as its possible mechanism. In the ex vivo study of uterine tissue from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, the uterine contraction amplitude was observed and recorded. In the in vivo study, we measured the uterine contraction pressure of SD rats and performed writhing tests on mice. The uterine tissues from the writhing test subjects were collected and analyzed by Western blot. The results demonstrated that sclareol inhibited prostaglandin (PG) F2α-, oxytocin-, acetylcholine-, carbachol-, KCl-, and Bay K 8644-induced uterine contraction and possessed an analgesic effect in the writhing test. Sclareol affects the Ca2+ level and regulates oxytocin receptor (OTR), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-p38, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phospho-myosin light chain 20 (p-MLC20) protein expression. Integrating these results, we suggest that sclareol is a potential alternative supplement for dysmenorrhea.",
keywords = "Dysmenorrhea, Salvia sclarea essential oil, Sclareol, Uterine contraction, Writhing test",
author = "Jennifer Wong and Chiang, {Yi Fen} and Shih, {Yin Hwa} and Chiu, {Chun Hui} and Chen, {Hsin Yuan} and Shieh, {Tzong Ming} and Wang, {Kai Lee} and Huang, {Tsui Chin} and Hong, {Yong Han} and Hsia, {Shih Min}",
note = "Funding Information: Author Contributions: Conceptualization, J.W., Y.-F.C., H.-Y.C., and S.-M.H.; experimentation, J.W., Y.-F.C., H.-Y.C., C.-YH.C.C.,. ,CT..--MH..CS..,,KT..--LM.W.S..,,TK.-.C-L.H.W., .a, nTd.-SC.-.MH..,H a;ndda tSa.-aMna.Hly;s idsaatnadafnigaulyresips raenpdarafitgiounr,eJ .pWre.,paanrdatYio.-nF,.CJ..;Wm.,e tahnodd oYlo.-gFy.C.; anmd erethsooudrocleosgyY.a-Hnd.S r.,eHso.u-Yrc.Ces.,YC..--HH.S.C.,. ,HT..--YM.C.S.,.,CK.-.H-L..CW.,.,TY.-.M-H.S.H., .K, T.-.L-C.W.H.,.,Ya.-nHd.HS..-,MT..-HC..;Hw.,riatnindg S—.-Mor.iHgi.n; awlrditrianfgt— original draft preparation, J.W., Y.-F.C., H.-Y.C., and S.-M.H. writing—review and editing, J.W., Y.-F.C. and S.-approval of the final version of the manuscript, S.-M.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version M.H.; editing and approval of the final version of the manuscript, S.-M.H. All authors have read and agreed to of the manuscript. the final version of this manuscript. Funding: This study was supported by the grants MOST109-2314-B-038-059, 109-2628-B-038-015,108-2314-B-039 Funding: This study was supported by the grants MOST109-2314-B-038-059, 109-2628-B-038-015,108-2314-B-039-Re0p0u9b-MlicYo3f, C10h9i-n2a3.20T-hBe-2s5t4u-d0y01waansds u10p7p-o23rt2e0d-Bb-y25t h-0e0g1rafrnotms C tMheU M10in9-iMstrFy- 3o2f fSrcoimencCehainnad MTeecdhicnaolloUgnyi,v Terasiiwtya,n, Republic of China. The study was supported by the grants CMU109-MF-32 from China Medical University, AcTkaniowwanle, dRgempuenbtlisc: oTfh Ce hauintha.ors gratefully acknowledge aromatherapist Hung-Lin Huang (Can June International Inc.) for giving the clinical advices of dysmenorrhea improvement. Acknowledgments: The authors gratefully acknowledge aromatherapist Hung-Lin Huang (Can June Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. International Inc.) for giving the clinical advices of dysmenorrhea improvement. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = oct,
day = "14",
doi = "10.3390/antiox9100991",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
pages = "1--16",
journal = "Antioxidants",
issn = "2076-3921",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "10",
}