Resilience mediates the relationship between depression and psychological health status in patients with heart failure: A cross-sectional study

Background: Depressive symptoms are linked to increased morbidity and mortality, and impaired health status in patients with heart failure. Elevating resilience may mitigate the negative consequences associated with depressive symptoms. However, the role of resilience in the relationship between depressive symptoms and health status in patients with heart failure remains unknown. Objectives: To examine the relationships among depressive symptoms, resilience, and physical and psychological health status in patients with heart failure and to determine whether resilience plays a mediating or moderating role in the relationship between depressive symptoms and physical and psychological health status. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Setting: Cardiac outpatient clinics in hospitals in Northern Taiwan. Participants: The sample comprised 128 community-dwelling and medically stable patients with echocardiographically documented heart failure. Methods: Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to determine whether depressive symptoms and resilience are associated with physical and psychological health status. The moderating role of resilience was examined by testing the significance of the interaction between depressive symptoms and resilience. The mediating role of resilience was analyzed using the PROCESS procedure in SPSS. Results: Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with both physical and psychological health status (both p