Remote organ failure in acute kidney injury

Chih Chin Kao, Wei Shun Yang, Ji Tseng Fang, Kathleen D. Liu, Vin Cent Wu

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

19 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Despite supportive care with renal replacement therapy, acute kidney injury (AKI) remains linked with increased short and long-term mortality, not just because of renal failure but also because of accompanying remote organ dysfunction. Increasing evidence from animal studies suggests that numerous factors contribute both to the development of AKI and the impairment of various vital organs, including pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, leukocyte infiltration, vascular permeability changes, ion channel derangement, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. Human studies have reported that AKI with concomitant multi-organ dysfunction is associated with a high death rate. We propose that persistent organ dysfunction after AKI can be considered in relation to three proposed mechanisms (1) classical uremic stress and its associated sequelae (2) systemic inflammation as a consequence of kidney injury (3) treatment-related effects. Using this framework, we discuss the known pathways through which AKI can affect the function of a number of remote organs. We review the short- and long-term clinical impact of AKI on other organ systems and potential mechanisms through which AKI may affect remote organ systems. Further elucidating the effects of AKI on remote organ function may lead to new therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes after AKI.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)859-866
Number of pages8
JournalJournal of the Formosan Medical Association
Volume118
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - May 1 2019

Keywords

  • Acute kidney injury
  • Inflammation
  • Remote organ dysfunction

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Medicine(all)

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