TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent Advancements in Developments of Novel Fluorescent Probes
T2 - In Cellulo Recognitions of Alkaline Phosphatases
AU - Dasnur Nanjappa, Madhusudan
AU - Pandith, Anup
AU - Sankaran, Svetlana
AU - Dorairaj, Dorothy Priyanka
AU - Reddy, Anusha Anjaneya
AU - Ramesh, Hari Prasad Badubanahalli
N1 - Funding Information:
A.P. thanks Taipei Medical University, for providing financial assistance through the newly recruited faculty fund. M.D.N. thanks University of Mysore for providing the library facility. We drew scientific illustrations using Chemdraw 2014, MS Office (academic license) and Biorender. Enzyme structures were adapted from respective PDBIDs.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is one of the vital phospho-ester bond cleaving biocatalysts that has inevitable significance in cellular systems, viz., early-stage osteoblast differentiation, cell integrity in tissues, bone mineralization, cancer biomarker, liver dysfunction, cellular osmotic pressure, protein folding and many more. Variation from optimal levels of ALP in intra and extracellular fluids can cause severe diseases, including death. Due to these reasons, ALP is considered as a vital biomarker for various preclinical and medical diagnosis. Fluorescence image-based diagnosis is the most widely used method, owing to its simplicity, robustness, non-invasive properties and excellent spatio-temporal resolution (up to the nM/pM level), as compared to conventional analytical techniques, such as the electroanalytical method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Most of the reviews reported for ALP’s recognition in the literature scarcely explain the structurally related, photophysical and biophysical parameters; and the sub-cellular localizations. Considering these facts, in order to enhance the opto-analytical parameters of fluorescence-based diagnostic materials at the cellular level, herein we have systematically documented recent developments in the opto-analytical capabilities of quencher-free probes for ALP, used in in vitro (biological buffers) to in cellulo conditions, along with in vivo models.
AB - Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is one of the vital phospho-ester bond cleaving biocatalysts that has inevitable significance in cellular systems, viz., early-stage osteoblast differentiation, cell integrity in tissues, bone mineralization, cancer biomarker, liver dysfunction, cellular osmotic pressure, protein folding and many more. Variation from optimal levels of ALP in intra and extracellular fluids can cause severe diseases, including death. Due to these reasons, ALP is considered as a vital biomarker for various preclinical and medical diagnosis. Fluorescence image-based diagnosis is the most widely used method, owing to its simplicity, robustness, non-invasive properties and excellent spatio-temporal resolution (up to the nM/pM level), as compared to conventional analytical techniques, such as the electroanalytical method, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Most of the reviews reported for ALP’s recognition in the literature scarcely explain the structurally related, photophysical and biophysical parameters; and the sub-cellular localizations. Considering these facts, in order to enhance the opto-analytical parameters of fluorescence-based diagnostic materials at the cellular level, herein we have systematically documented recent developments in the opto-analytical capabilities of quencher-free probes for ALP, used in in vitro (biological buffers) to in cellulo conditions, along with in vivo models.
KW - bone mineralization
KW - fluorescent materials
KW - homeostasis
KW - in cellulo
KW - in vivo models
KW - osteoblast
KW - spatio-temporal resolutions
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U2 - 10.3390/sym14081634
DO - 10.3390/sym14081634
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85137371153
SN - 2073-8994
VL - 14
JO - Symmetry
JF - Symmetry
IS - 8
M1 - 1634
ER -
