TY - JOUR
T1 - Real-time fMRI neurofeedback reduces auditory hallucinations and modulates resting state connectivity of involved brain regions
T2 - Part 2: Default mode network -preliminary evidence
AU - Bauer, Clemens C.C.
AU - Okano, Kana
AU - Gosh, Satrajit S.
AU - Lee, Yoon Ji
AU - Melero, Helena
AU - Angeles, Carlo de los
AU - Nestor, Paul G.
AU - del Re, Elisabetta C.
AU - Northoff, Georg
AU - Niznikiewicz, Margaret A.
AU - Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan
N1 - Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are one of the most distressing symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) and are often resistant to medication. Imaging studies of individuals with SZ show hyperactivation of the default mode network (DMN) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Studies in SZ show DMN hyperconnectivity and reduced anticorrelation between DMN and the central executive network (CEN). DMN hyperconnectivity has been associated with positive symptoms such as AHs while reduced DMN anticorrelations with cognitive impairment. Using real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-NFB) we trained SZ patients to modulate DMN and CEN networks. Meditation is effective in reducing AHs in SZ and to modulate brain network integration and increase DMN anticorrelations. Consequently, patients were provided with meditation strategies to enhance their abilities to modulate DMN/CEN. Results show a reduction of DMN hyperconnectivity and increase in DMNCEN anticorrelation. Furthermore, the change in individual DMN connectivity significantly correlated with reductions in AHs. This is the first time that meditation enhanced through rt-fMRI-NFB is used to reduce AHs in SZ. Moreover, it provides the first empirical evidence for a direct causal relation between meditation enhanced rt-fMRI-NFB modulation of DMNCEN activity and post-intervention modulation of resting state networks ensuing in reductions in frequency and severity of AHs.
AB - Auditory hallucinations (AHs) are one of the most distressing symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) and are often resistant to medication. Imaging studies of individuals with SZ show hyperactivation of the default mode network (DMN) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Studies in SZ show DMN hyperconnectivity and reduced anticorrelation between DMN and the central executive network (CEN). DMN hyperconnectivity has been associated with positive symptoms such as AHs while reduced DMN anticorrelations with cognitive impairment. Using real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-NFB) we trained SZ patients to modulate DMN and CEN networks. Meditation is effective in reducing AHs in SZ and to modulate brain network integration and increase DMN anticorrelations. Consequently, patients were provided with meditation strategies to enhance their abilities to modulate DMN/CEN. Results show a reduction of DMN hyperconnectivity and increase in DMNCEN anticorrelation. Furthermore, the change in individual DMN connectivity significantly correlated with reductions in AHs. This is the first time that meditation enhanced through rt-fMRI-NFB is used to reduce AHs in SZ. Moreover, it provides the first empirical evidence for a direct causal relation between meditation enhanced rt-fMRI-NFB modulation of DMNCEN activity and post-intervention modulation of resting state networks ensuing in reductions in frequency and severity of AHs.
KW - Auditory hallucinations
KW - Default mode network
KW - Mindfulness meditation
KW - Real-time neurofeedback
KW - Schizophrenia
KW - Brain Mapping/methods
KW - Humans
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Neurofeedback/methods
KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
KW - Male
KW - Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging
KW - Proof of Concept Study
KW - Brain/diagnostic imaging
KW - Rest
KW - Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging
KW - Adult
KW - Female
KW - Meditation/methods
KW - Hallucinations/diagnostic imaging
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85079068497&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85079068497&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112770
DO - 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112770
M3 - Article
C2 - 32004893
AN - SCOPUS:85079068497
SN - 0165-1781
VL - 284
JO - Psychiatry Research
JF - Psychiatry Research
M1 - 112770
ER -