Preliminary evidence for therapeutic impact of intravesical glucosamine on protamine sulfate and potassium chloride-induced bladder overactivity in rat model

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of intravesical glucosamine in treating overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: Ninety-two female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups i.e. protamine sulfate (PS), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and glucosamine-treated PS (GPS), and normal saline control (NC) were used. We induced hyperactivity in rats via intravesical infusion of PS and potassium chloride (KCl), whereas the NC group underwent a sustained intravesical saline infusion for 1 h. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potential antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory agent was employed as positive control. Cystometrography (CMG) was then conducted to determine urodynamic parameters, i.e., leak point pressure (LPP, n = 48) and inter-contractile interval, the duration between two voids (ICI, n = 32). Results: LPP was significantly elevated in the GPS group (mean ± SD: 110.9 ± 6.2 mmHg) compared to the NC (81.0 ± 32.5 mmHg), PS (40.3 ± 10.9 mmHg), and NAC group (70.3 ± 19.4 mmHg). The cystometrogram data also reveals a prolonged ICI in the GPS group (241.3 ± 40.2 s) compared to the NC group (216.0 ± 41.7 s), PS group (128.8 ± 23.6 s), and NAC group (193.8 ± 28.3 s). Conclusion: This preliminary study implies the ameliorative impact of GPS treatment on OAB in terms of improved urodynamic parameters, including LPP and ICI.