TY - JOUR
T1 - Pathological circulating factors in moyamoya disease
AU - Fang, Yao Ching
AU - Wei, Ling Fei
AU - Hu, Chaur Jong
AU - Tu, Yong Kwang
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by Taipei Medical University and Shuang Ho Hospital, grant number 108TMU-SHH-12. This work was supported by Taipei Medical University and Shuang Ho Hospital (107TMU-SHH-16, 108TMU-SHH-12).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/2/2
Y1 - 2021/2/2
N2 - Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular disease that presents with vascular stenosis and a hazy network of collateral formations in angiography. However, the detailed pathogenic pathway remains unknown. Studies have indicated that in addition to variations in the of genetic factor RNF213, unusual circulating angiogenetic factors observed in patients with MMD may play a critical role in producing “Moyamoya vessels”. Circulating angiogenetic factors, such as growth factors, vascular progenitor cells, cytokines, inflammatory factors, and other circulating proteins, could promote intimal hyperplasia in vessels and excessive collateral formation with defect structures through endothelial hyperplasia, smooth muscle migration, and atypical neovascularization. This study summarizes the hypothesized pathophysiology of how these circulating factors affect MMD and the interactive modulation between them.
AB - Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular disease that presents with vascular stenosis and a hazy network of collateral formations in angiography. However, the detailed pathogenic pathway remains unknown. Studies have indicated that in addition to variations in the of genetic factor RNF213, unusual circulating angiogenetic factors observed in patients with MMD may play a critical role in producing “Moyamoya vessels”. Circulating angiogenetic factors, such as growth factors, vascular progenitor cells, cytokines, inflammatory factors, and other circulating proteins, could promote intimal hyperplasia in vessels and excessive collateral formation with defect structures through endothelial hyperplasia, smooth muscle migration, and atypical neovascularization. This study summarizes the hypothesized pathophysiology of how these circulating factors affect MMD and the interactive modulation between them.
KW - Cerebrovascular disease
KW - Circulating factor
KW - Collateral formations
KW - Growth factors
KW - Moyamoya disease
KW - RNF213
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U2 - 10.3390/ijms22041696
DO - 10.3390/ijms22041696
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33567654
AN - SCOPUS:85100456734
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 22
SP - 1
EP - 12
JO - International journal of molecular sciences
JF - International journal of molecular sciences
IS - 4
M1 - 1696
ER -