TY - JOUR
T1 - Particulate matter in a motorcycle-dominated urban area
T2 - Source apportionment and cancer risk of lung deposited surface area (LDSA) concentrations
AU - Chang, Po Kai
AU - Griffith, Stephen M.
AU - Chuang, Hsiao Chi
AU - Chuang, Kai Jen
AU - Wang, Yu Hui
AU - Chang, Kuo En
AU - Hsiao, Ta Chih
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology under grants No. MOST 107-2628-M-002-018-MY2 and the National Taiwan University from Excellence Research Program - Core Consortiums under the project of "Sustainable approach of water resources—development and application of sponge city and bionic system technologies" ( NTUCC-109L891210) within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/4/5
Y1 - 2022/4/5
N2 - Source-apportioned particle concentrations are necessary to properly evaluate the health impacts of air pollution. In this study, a measurement station was established at an urban roadside in northern Taiwan to the investigate lung deposited surface area (LDSA) concentration, a relevant metric for the adverse health effects of aerosol exposure, along with PM1 and equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations, particle number concentration (PNC), and particle size distribution (PSD). Through positive matrix factorization and multi-linear regression analysis, we attributed 57% of LDSA to traffic emissions over the entire study. During rush hour, the motorcycle fraction increased to 0.83 and LDSA (77.6 ± 9.9 µm2/cm3) and PNC (14,000 ± 2400 particles/cm3) values peaked, while 74% of LDSA was attributed to traffic. The LDSA ratio, defined as the ratio of measured LDSA to that estimated from the particle size distribution with a spherical assumption, also increased, highlighting the greater degree of fractal morphology during rush hour. The relationship between LDSA emitted by traffic and PNC yielded a higher r2 (0.92) than the r2 between traffic LDSA and eBC (0.82). Finally, the excess lifetime cancer risk linked with traffic emission was 1.56 × 10-4 (i.e. 15.6 excess cancer cases for a population of 100,000 people) based on the LDSA apportionment results.
AB - Source-apportioned particle concentrations are necessary to properly evaluate the health impacts of air pollution. In this study, a measurement station was established at an urban roadside in northern Taiwan to the investigate lung deposited surface area (LDSA) concentration, a relevant metric for the adverse health effects of aerosol exposure, along with PM1 and equivalent black carbon (eBC) concentrations, particle number concentration (PNC), and particle size distribution (PSD). Through positive matrix factorization and multi-linear regression analysis, we attributed 57% of LDSA to traffic emissions over the entire study. During rush hour, the motorcycle fraction increased to 0.83 and LDSA (77.6 ± 9.9 µm2/cm3) and PNC (14,000 ± 2400 particles/cm3) values peaked, while 74% of LDSA was attributed to traffic. The LDSA ratio, defined as the ratio of measured LDSA to that estimated from the particle size distribution with a spherical assumption, also increased, highlighting the greater degree of fractal morphology during rush hour. The relationship between LDSA emitted by traffic and PNC yielded a higher r2 (0.92) than the r2 between traffic LDSA and eBC (0.82). Finally, the excess lifetime cancer risk linked with traffic emission was 1.56 × 10-4 (i.e. 15.6 excess cancer cases for a population of 100,000 people) based on the LDSA apportionment results.
KW - Excess lifetime cancer risk
KW - Lung deposited surface area
KW - Motorcycle
KW - Particle size distribution
KW - PM
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128188
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128188
M3 - Article
C2 - 35007803
AN - SCOPUS:85123240255
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 427
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
M1 - 128188
ER -