TY - JOUR
T1 - Organic carbon and acidic ions in PM2.5 contributed to particle bioreactivity in Chinese megacities during haze episodes
AU - Ho, Kin Fai
AU - Lee, Ya Chun
AU - Niu, Xinyi
AU - Xu, Hongmei
AU - Zhang, Renjian
AU - Cao, Jun Ji
AU - Tsai, Cheng Yu
AU - Hsiao, Ta Chih
AU - Chuang, Hsiao Chi
N1 - © 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to cardiopulmonary disease and systemic effects in humans. However, few studies have investigated the particle bioreactivity in Chinese megacities during haze episodes. The objective of this study was to determine the contributions of chemical components in PM2.5 to particle bioreactivity in Chinese megacities during haze episodes. PM2.5 samples were collected in 14 megacities across China from 23 December 2013 to 16 January 2014. Average PM2.5 concentrations ranged 88.92~199.67 μg/m3. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), anions, and cations per unit of PM2.5 were linked to cellular bioreactivity (i.e., reactive oxygen species (ROS) as assessed by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH) and inflammation as assessed by interleukin (IL)-6 in A549 cells). The contributions of chemicals in PM2.5 to ROS and inflammation were examined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and random forests. These results indicated that OC, Ca2+, SO42−, Cl−, F−, K+, and NO3− contributed to ROS production, whereas OC, Cl−, EC, K+, F−, Na+, and Ca2+ contributed to inflammation. In conclusion, PM2.5-contained OC and acidic ions are important in regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation during haze episodes. Our findings suggest that severe haze PM2.5 events cause deterioration in air quality and may adversely affect human health.
AB - Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to cardiopulmonary disease and systemic effects in humans. However, few studies have investigated the particle bioreactivity in Chinese megacities during haze episodes. The objective of this study was to determine the contributions of chemical components in PM2.5 to particle bioreactivity in Chinese megacities during haze episodes. PM2.5 samples were collected in 14 megacities across China from 23 December 2013 to 16 January 2014. Average PM2.5 concentrations ranged 88.92~199.67 μg/m3. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), anions, and cations per unit of PM2.5 were linked to cellular bioreactivity (i.e., reactive oxygen species (ROS) as assessed by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH) and inflammation as assessed by interleukin (IL)-6 in A549 cells). The contributions of chemicals in PM2.5 to ROS and inflammation were examined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and random forests. These results indicated that OC, Ca2+, SO42−, Cl−, F−, K+, and NO3− contributed to ROS production, whereas OC, Cl−, EC, K+, F−, Na+, and Ca2+ contributed to inflammation. In conclusion, PM2.5-contained OC and acidic ions are important in regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation during haze episodes. Our findings suggest that severe haze PM2.5 events cause deterioration in air quality and may adversely affect human health.
KW - Aerosols/analysis
KW - Air Pollutants/analysis
KW - Carbon/analysis
KW - China
KW - Cities
KW - Environmental Monitoring
KW - Humans
KW - Ions/analysis
KW - Particle Size
KW - Particulate Matter/analysis
KW - Seasons
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115347161&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85115347161&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11356-021-16552-0
DO - 10.1007/s11356-021-16552-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 34553281
AN - SCOPUS:85115347161
SN - 0944-1344
VL - 29
SP - 11865
EP - 11873
JO - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
JF - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
IS - 8
ER -