Nocturia in Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional, Correlation Study

PURPOSE: The first aim of this study was to compare nighttime voiding frequency (nocturia), serum hemoglobin A _1clevel, peripheral neuropathy score, and global sleep quality score in younger (>40 to <65 years) versus older (≥65 years) women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Additional aims were to identify factors associated with clinically relevant nocturia (≥2 episodes/night) and to analyze relationships between nocturia frequency, glycemic control, peripheral neuropathy, and sleep quality in these women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Participants were 118 women older than 40 years and with type 2 DM. Their mean age was 65.25 (SD = 9.66) years; the mean duration since diagnosis of type 2 DM was 10.96 (SD = 7.66) years. The study setting was 2 metabolism and endocrinology outpatient departments located in Taipei City and Taoyuan, Taiwan. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire that queried sociodemographic information, lower urinary tract symptoms, and sleep quality. We also assessed peripheral neuropathy and lower extremity edema and obtained pertinent information from participants' medical records. Independent t tests, multivariate logistic regression analyses, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, and one-way analysis of variance were used to address the 3 study aims. RESULTS: Analyses found that older women (aged ≥65 years) had a significantly higher nighttime voiding frequency, a higher peripheral neuropathy score, and a higher sleep quality score than younger (>40 to <65 years) women. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified 4 factors associated with clinically relevant nocturia advanced age, elevated hemoglobin A _1clevel, suspected peripheral neuropathy, and lower extremity edema. Significant correlation coefficients were found between nighttime voiding frequency and serum hemoglobin A _1clevels, peripheral neuropathy scores, and sleep quality scores. Analyses also found that women with a greater nocturia frequency had higher hemoglobin A _1clevels, peripheral neuropathy scores, and sleep quality scores. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals should screen for nocturia in women with type 2 DM and provide appropriate management for those experiencing nocturia.