TY - JOUR
T1 - MRI features of pediatric intracranial germ cell tumor subtypes
AU - Wu, Chih Chun
AU - Guo, Wan Yuo
AU - Chang, Feng Chi
AU - Luo, Chao Bao
AU - Lee, Han Jui
AU - Chen, Yi Wei
AU - Lee, Yi Yen
AU - Wong, Tai Tong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2017/8/1
Y1 - 2017/8/1
N2 - Intracranial germ cell tumors differ in histology and location, and require different clinical management strategies. We characterized the imaging features that may aid pre-operative differentiation of intracranial germinomas and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs). This retrospective study analyzed 85 patients with intracranial germ cell tumors and adequate preoperative or pretreatment MRIs between 2000 and 2013 at our institution. Pretreatment MRI characteristics, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, tumor histopathology, and patient outcomes were compared. NGGCTs occurred in the pineal region and cerebral hemispheres more often than germinomas; all bifocal lesions were germinomas. NGGCTs (36.6 ± 17.0 mm) were significantly larger than germinomas (25.7 ± 11.6 mm; P = 0.002). The presence of pure solid tumor (45.5 vs. 20.0%, P = 0.033) and an infiltrative margin (20.0 vs. 3.3%, P = 0.035) were significantly more common in germinomas than NGGCTs. The presence of intratumoral T1 hyperintense foci (66.7 vs. 10.9%, P < 0.001) and moderate/marked enhancement (86.7 vs. 50.9%, P < 0.001) were significantly more common in NGGCTs than in germinomas. Mean ADCmean values (×10−3 mm2/s) were significantly lower in germinomas (1.113 ± 0.415) than in NGGCTs (2.011 ± 0.694, P = 0.001). Combined a lack of T1 hyperintense foci and an ADCmean threshold value (1.143 × 10−3 mm2/s) had the highest specificity (91.3%) and positive predictive value (92.3%), while the combination of lack of a T1 hyperintensense foci, no/mild enhancement, and an ADCmean threshold value had 100% sensitivity and 100% negative-predictive value for discriminating germinomas from NGGCTs. Pre-operative conventional MRI characteristics and diffusion-weighted MRI help clinicians to assess patients with intracranial germ cell tumors. Tumor size, location, T1 hyperintense foci, intratumoral cystic components, tumor margin and enhancing patterns demonstrate contrast between germinomas and NGGCTs. Serum tumor markers and adjunctive combination with T1 hyperintensity and/or enhancing pattern with ADC offer potential in preoperative differentiating intracranial germinomas and NGGCTs.
AB - Intracranial germ cell tumors differ in histology and location, and require different clinical management strategies. We characterized the imaging features that may aid pre-operative differentiation of intracranial germinomas and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs). This retrospective study analyzed 85 patients with intracranial germ cell tumors and adequate preoperative or pretreatment MRIs between 2000 and 2013 at our institution. Pretreatment MRI characteristics, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, tumor histopathology, and patient outcomes were compared. NGGCTs occurred in the pineal region and cerebral hemispheres more often than germinomas; all bifocal lesions were germinomas. NGGCTs (36.6 ± 17.0 mm) were significantly larger than germinomas (25.7 ± 11.6 mm; P = 0.002). The presence of pure solid tumor (45.5 vs. 20.0%, P = 0.033) and an infiltrative margin (20.0 vs. 3.3%, P = 0.035) were significantly more common in germinomas than NGGCTs. The presence of intratumoral T1 hyperintense foci (66.7 vs. 10.9%, P < 0.001) and moderate/marked enhancement (86.7 vs. 50.9%, P < 0.001) were significantly more common in NGGCTs than in germinomas. Mean ADCmean values (×10−3 mm2/s) were significantly lower in germinomas (1.113 ± 0.415) than in NGGCTs (2.011 ± 0.694, P = 0.001). Combined a lack of T1 hyperintense foci and an ADCmean threshold value (1.143 × 10−3 mm2/s) had the highest specificity (91.3%) and positive predictive value (92.3%), while the combination of lack of a T1 hyperintensense foci, no/mild enhancement, and an ADCmean threshold value had 100% sensitivity and 100% negative-predictive value for discriminating germinomas from NGGCTs. Pre-operative conventional MRI characteristics and diffusion-weighted MRI help clinicians to assess patients with intracranial germ cell tumors. Tumor size, location, T1 hyperintense foci, intratumoral cystic components, tumor margin and enhancing patterns demonstrate contrast between germinomas and NGGCTs. Serum tumor markers and adjunctive combination with T1 hyperintensity and/or enhancing pattern with ADC offer potential in preoperative differentiating intracranial germinomas and NGGCTs.
KW - Apparent diffusion coefficient
KW - Central nervous system
KW - Diffusion-weighted imaging
KW - Germ cell tumor
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85019686253&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85019686253&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11060-017-2513-x
DO - 10.1007/s11060-017-2513-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 28551848
AN - SCOPUS:85019686253
SN - 0167-594X
VL - 134
SP - 221
EP - 230
JO - Journal of Neuro-Oncology
JF - Journal of Neuro-Oncology
IS - 1
ER -
