Abstract
Background: The immune system changes significantly in astronauts during and after space flight. Although the mechanism has not been defined, it is reasonable to begin developing effective countermeasures to the physiological consequences of spaceflight, especially immunosuppression. Many studies have been published about the effect of flavonoids on immune modulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop whether flavonoids could be the effective countermeasures to the immunosuppression caused by microgravity. Materials and methods: We used a rotating wall vessel 3D (three-dimensional) culture system which recreates some of the culture conditions that occur during microgravity to study the effects of microgravity on the function of macrophages and assess the modulating effects of flavonoids on microgravity-induced macrophage dysfunction. Results: We demonstrated 65% and 80% reduction in mitogen-induced nitric oxide and cytokine production of 3D-cultured macrophages, compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D)-cultured cells. Moreover, the microgravity-induced macrophage dysfunction was not restored by transferring cells from 3D to 2D culture. However, the addition of morin sulphates/ glucuronides in 3D culture compensated for the loss of macrophage function. Conclusion: The result presented here suggests for the first time that an immune-modulatory strategy using flavonoid supplements such as morin would benefit the health of astronauts.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 591-596 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | European Journal of Clinical Investigation |
Volume | 35 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sept 2005 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Macrophage
- Microgravity
- Morin sulphates/glucuronides
- Rotating wall vessel
- Three-dimensional culture
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Biochemistry