TY - JOUR
T1 - Monosaccharide Composition Analysis of Immunostimulating Subfraction from Auricularia auricula-judae Hot Water Extract
AU - Chung, Hui Chen
AU - Hsu, Su Jung
AU - Yu, Zer Ran
AU - Lee, Ching Kuo
AU - Wang, Be Jen
AU - Lin, Shu Mei
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to express their thankfulness to Sugarlighter Co., Inc. (New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.) for providing NAIM chemical kit. This research work was supported by a grant to S-. M-. Lin and B-. J-. Wang from Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. (MOST 109-2635-B-415-001).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Chinese Agricultural Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Auricularia auricula-judae hot water extract (AACE) was previously demonstrated the immune-stimulating effects by initiating macrophage activation toward Ml phenotype. The subtractions of different molecular weight of AACE exhibited different potency in the immune stimulation. The components of molecular weight between 10 to 50 kDa, assigned as F2, exhibited the highest capability in the immune stimulation which associated with increase of anti-cancer efficacy of macrophages and might be a potential dietary adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharides are major immunostimulating components of most species of edible fungi. Hence, in the present study, the characteristics of polysaccharides contained in the F2 fraction of AACE were further elucidated. The monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkages were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass (UPLC-MS/MS) spectrometry and nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that F2 fraction contained mainly gluconic acid, mannose, glucose, xylose, rhammnose and N-acetylglucosamine, whereas mannose and gluconic acid were not detected in the fraction of molecular weight lower than 10 kDa that was previously demonstrated to have limited immune-modulating activity. The F2 fraction contained gluconic acid, mannose, glucose, xylose, rhammnose and N-acetylglucosamine in a molar ratio of 1.0:5.6:5.8:6.4:6.9:19.0 and had the highest molar ratio in N-acetylglucosamine compared with the other subtractions of AACE. NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of the glycosidic linkages of-2)[β-D-GlcA-(1-3)β-D-Glc-(1-3)][α-D-GlcNAc-(1-4)]α-D-Man-(1-2) β-D-Xyl-(1-2)α-D-Rha(1- and main chain of α-D-Man-(1-2)β-D-Xyl-(1-2)α-D-Rha in F2 components. Our study provides fundamental information required for chemistry study and nutraceuticals development for the immunostimulant components of A. auricula-judae.
AB - Auricularia auricula-judae hot water extract (AACE) was previously demonstrated the immune-stimulating effects by initiating macrophage activation toward Ml phenotype. The subtractions of different molecular weight of AACE exhibited different potency in the immune stimulation. The components of molecular weight between 10 to 50 kDa, assigned as F2, exhibited the highest capability in the immune stimulation which associated with increase of anti-cancer efficacy of macrophages and might be a potential dietary adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. Polysaccharides are major immunostimulating components of most species of edible fungi. Hence, in the present study, the characteristics of polysaccharides contained in the F2 fraction of AACE were further elucidated. The monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkages were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass (UPLC-MS/MS) spectrometry and nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that F2 fraction contained mainly gluconic acid, mannose, glucose, xylose, rhammnose and N-acetylglucosamine, whereas mannose and gluconic acid were not detected in the fraction of molecular weight lower than 10 kDa that was previously demonstrated to have limited immune-modulating activity. The F2 fraction contained gluconic acid, mannose, glucose, xylose, rhammnose and N-acetylglucosamine in a molar ratio of 1.0:5.6:5.8:6.4:6.9:19.0 and had the highest molar ratio in N-acetylglucosamine compared with the other subtractions of AACE. NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of the glycosidic linkages of-2)[β-D-GlcA-(1-3)β-D-Glc-(1-3)][α-D-GlcNAc-(1-4)]α-D-Man-(1-2) β-D-Xyl-(1-2)α-D-Rha(1- and main chain of α-D-Man-(1-2)β-D-Xyl-(1-2)α-D-Rha in F2 components. Our study provides fundamental information required for chemistry study and nutraceuticals development for the immunostimulant components of A. auricula-judae.
KW - Auricularia auricula-judae
KW - Dietary adjuvant
KW - Hot water extract
KW - Immunostimulant
KW - Monosaccharides
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U2 - 10.6578/TJACFS.202112_59(4).0002
DO - 10.6578/TJACFS.202112_59(4).0002
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85133668502
SN - 1605-2471
VL - 59
SP - 118
EP - 129
JO - Taiwanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science
JF - Taiwanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science
IS - 4
ER -
